節水灌溉下南方雙季稻區主栽機插水稻品種的光合特性和產量

杜逸凡 劉芬 劉坤 吳旺嬪 王悅 陳光輝

摘 ?要??為了比較不同品種在干濕交替條件下的品種特性，以11份水稻品種為材料，分析比較了水稻秧苗素質、光合特性、產量及產量構成因素的差異。研究結果表明：不同品種秧苗素質差異顯著，主要以苗高、白根數、總根數差異較為明顯，其中以24d61（A2）品種秧苗地上、地下部性狀最佳，為最適宜機插品種。不同品種抽穗期光合特性有所差異，其中24d44（A?6）品種凈光合速率最高，為27.01 μmol/（m²·s），中早39（A7）品種氣孔導度與蒸騰速率最高，分別為1.69 mmol/（m²·s）和12.10 mmol/（m²·s），中嘉糯（A1）品種胞間CO₂濃度顯著高于其他品種，為376.09 μmol/（m²·s）。不同品種產量及其構成因素顯著，陸兩優996（A10）品種株高、單株產量、結實率與每穗著粒數均為最高。抽穗期光合特性與產量構成各指標相關性分析表明，凈光合速率與蒸騰速率、單株有效穗數、千粒重呈正相關，與胞間CO₂濃度與結實率呈顯著負相關;單株產量與每穗著粒數、結實率呈顯著正相關，與株高、千粒重呈正相關，與光合特性各指標呈負相關，但差異均未達到顯著性。因此，本研究對節水灌溉條件下水稻機械化種植模式適宜品種的篩選有重要意義。

關鍵詞 ?水稻;節水灌溉;光合特性;產量中圖分類號??S511??????文獻標識碼??A

Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Machine-transplanted Rice in?Southern Double-season Rice Areas?under Water-saving Irrigation

DU Yifan¹， LIU Fen¹， LIU Kun¹， WU Wangpin¹， WANG Yue^1，2， CHEN Guanghui^1*

1. College of Agronomy， Hunan Agricultural University， Changsha， Hunan 410128， China; 2. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Disease Resistance Breeding， Changsha， Hunan 410128， China

Abstract ?In order to compare the characteristics of different varieties under dry-wet alternate irrigation，?11 rice varieties were used as?the materials to analyze the differences of seedling quality， photosynthetic characteristics， yield and yield components. There were significant differences in seedling quality among different varieties， mainly in seedling height， white root number and total root number. Among them， 24d61 （A2） was the most suitable mechanical transplanting variety. The net photosynthetic rate of 24d44 （A6） was 27.01 μmol/（m²·s）. The?stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of Zhongzao39 （A7） was?1.69 mmol/（m²·s）?and 12.10 mmol/（m²·s）， respectively. The intercellular CO₂concentration of Zhongjianuo （A1） was significantly higher than that of the other varieties [376.09?μmol/（m²·s）]. The plant height， yield per plant， seed setting rate and grain number per panicle of Luliangyou?996 （A10） were the highest. The correlation analysis between photosynthetic characteristics and yield components at heading stage showed that net photosynthetic rate was positively correlated with transpiration rate， effective panicles per plant and 1000-grain weight， negatively correlated with intercellular CO₂concentration and seed setting rate， positively correlated with grain number per panicle and seed setting rate， positively correlated with plant height and 1000-grain weight， and negatively correlated with each index of photosynthetic characteristics. But the difference was not significant. Therefore， this study is of great significance to the selection of suitable varieties for rice mechanical?planting under water-saving irrigation?conditions.

Keywords ?rice; water-saving irrigation; photosynthetic characteristics; yield

DOI10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2019.10.019

隨著世界人口的不斷增長與耕地面積的不斷減小，提高糧食產量特別是水稻的產量對于保障世界糧食安全至關重要。水稻是我國的主要糧食作物之一，其種植面積和總產量一直位居全國前列^[1]。近年來全國各地開展了許多超高產栽培的研究與示范，也的確獲得了一些超高產的記錄，但這是在小范圍的特定氣候與地理條件下取得的成果，并且其中投入了高成本的肥、水以及人力^[2-3]。……