三熟制模式下冬季作物對早稻返青緩苗期植株生長的抑制作用

李天元 梁和 韋善清 陳念平 江立庚 杜芳芳 孔飛揚 趙泉

摘 ?要??設置3種稻田三熟制模式與“冬閑+早稻+晚稻”模式對比，研究了冬季作物對早稻返青緩苗期植株生長的影響。結果表明：三熟制模式下水稻返青期推遲2～3 d、緩苗期推遲1～3 d，期間水稻株高、葉齡、葉綠素含量（SPAD）、根莖葉干物質下降;在移栽至緩苗期內，三熟制模式下水稻植株根冠比比對照的小;移栽至返青期，三熟制模式下水稻生長速率均比對照處理低，在返青至緩苗期表現則相反。本研究結果表明，三熟制模式下冬季作物明顯抑制了早稻返青緩苗期植株生長，其抑制作用在水稻返青后變小。

關鍵詞 ?稻田三熟制;水稻;返青;緩苗中圖分類號??S511??????文獻標識碼??A

Inhibitory Effect of Winter Crops on Growth of Early Rice at Returning Green Stage and Slow Seedling Stage under Triple Cropping System

LI Tianyuan¹， LIANG He¹， WEI Shanqing¹， CHEN Nianping¹， JIANG Ligeng^1，2*， DU Fangfang¹，KONG Feiyang¹， ZHAO Quan¹

1. Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming Science， Guangxi University， Nanning， Guangxi 530000， China; 2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops， Hunan Agricultural University， Changsha， Hunan 410128， China

Abstract ?A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of winter crops on the growth of early rice at returning green stage and slow seedling stage by comparing three-cropping systems in rice field with the “winter fallow+Early rice+Late rice” system control. The returning green period and slow seedling stage of rice were prolonged about two to three days and one to three days， respectively. And the plant height， leaf age， chlorophyll content and dry matter of rhizome and leaves decreased during the two periods under the triple cropping system. The root-shoot ratio of rice under the triple cropping system was smaller than that of the control during the period from transplanting to slow seedling stage. The growth rate of rice under the triple cropping system was lower than that of the control during transplanting to returning green stage， while it was opposite during returning green stage to slow seedling stage. The conclusion is that winter crops significantly inhibits the plant growth of early rice under the triple cropping system at returning green stage and slow seedling stage， and the inhibiting effect becomes smaller after rice plants return to green.

Keywords ?triple cropping system; rice; returning green; slow seedling

DOI10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2019.10.018

多熟種植是指在一年內在同一塊農田中種植2種或2種以上農作物的作物種植方式，一般包括復種和間混套作兩部分內容。隨著現代農業的發展，多熟種植已由單純的農作物間的種植方式，向著農作物種植與多種生物間的種植方式（包括植物、動物和微生物）種養結合組成的復合多熟種植方向發展^[1]。多熟制種植可以提高耕地的復種指數，充分利用土地和周年溫光資源，緩解作物爭地矛盾，增加土地作物產出種類和產量，具有良好的經濟效益和社會生態效益^[2]。多熟種植能提高經濟效益與農產品品質，提升生態環境，減少生物災害，改良農田土壤，保障糧食安全與社會穩定^[3]。

稻田三熟制是多熟制種植制度的一種。稻田三熟制廣泛分布于中國南方稻區。……