楊為海 曾利珍 曾輝 萬繼鋒 張漢周 鄒明宏 陸超忠 朱文華



摘 ?要??以‘HAES741澳洲堅果品種為試材,采用沙培試驗,研究營養液不同磷水平(0、0.01、0.1、0.5、2.5、10 mmol/L H2PO4-)下盆栽澳洲堅果幼樹礦質元素(鉀、磷、鈣與鎂)含量的變化。結果表明:隨著供磷水平的升高,澳洲堅果幼樹葉片、莖及根系的鉀、磷含量在較低供磷水平(0~0.5 mmol/L)下增長較小或者無明顯變化,但在較高供磷水平(2.5~10 mmol/L)時增幅較大,并且各器官的鉀、磷含量均與不同供磷水平呈極顯著性相關關系。不同供磷水平對莖的鈣、鎂含量影響不明顯,隨供磷水平的增加葉片的鈣、鎂含量顯著降低,而根系的鈣、鎂含量則呈先下降后上升的趨勢,均以0.1 mmol/L供磷處理含量較低。
關鍵詞 ?澳洲堅果;磷;礦質元素;幼樹中圖分類號??S664.9?????文獻標識碼??A
Response Characteristics of the Mineral Element Contents of Young Macadamia Trees to Different Phosphorus Levels
YANG Weihai1,2,3, ZENG Lizhen1,2,3, ZENG Hui1,2,3, WAN Jifeng1,2,3, ZHANG Hanzhou1,2,3,ZOU Minghong1,2,3, LU Chaozhong1,2,3, ZHU Wenhua4*
1. South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture?and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, China; 3. Hainan Tropical Crops Nutrition Key Laboratory, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, China; 4. Guizhou Subtropical Crops Institute, Xingyi, Guizhou 562400, China
Abstract ?Using macadamia variety ‘HAES741 as materials, the sandy culture experiments were employed to investigate the changes of the contents of mineral elements (K, P, Ca and Mg) in the potted young trees of macadamia under different phosphorus levels (0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 2.5 and 10 mmol/L H2PO4-) of nutrient solution. The results indicated that with the increase of phosphorus application level, the elements contents of K and P in leaf, stem and root of the young macadamia trees had a small growth or no significant change under the condition of low phosphorus nutrition level (0-0.5 mmol/L), while those increased significantly when supplied with high phosphorus level (2.5-10 mmol/L). In addition, there were highly significant correlations between the K and P contents of different organs and the phosphorus nutrition level. The effect of different phosphorus levels on the Ca and Mg contents in stem was not obvious, but the contents of Ca and Mg in leaf decreased significantly as phosphorus level increased, while those in root reduced firstly and then increased, and their minimums occurred under the 0.1 mmol/L phosphorus level.
Keywords ?macadamia; phosphorus; mineral element; young tree
DOI10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2019.10.017
磷是植物正常生長發育和新陳代謝所必需的大量營養元素之一。植物的磷主要來自土壤,而磷在土壤中的移動性很弱,且極易固著到土壤中的陽離子或團粒結構上,形成難溶性沉淀物,這使得土壤中的磷成為植物最難獲取的大量元素[1-2]。在低磷或缺磷條件下,植物將產生一系列的形態、生理、生化和遺傳機制主動適應脅迫逆境,一方面可以通過降低植株生長速率[3-4]、活化利用植物體內的磷[5-6]、修飾體內碳代謝過程[5, 7]等以減少對磷的需求,另一方面還可以通過增加根冠比[8-10]、改變根系形態與構型[11-13]、增強根系向外分泌有機酸陰離子與酸性磷酸酶[3, 5, 13],提高Pi載體表達水平[13-15]等來增強對磷的吸收。
澳洲堅果(Macadamiaspp.)系山龍眼科(Proteaceae)澳洲堅果屬(Macadamia)常綠喬木果樹,已在中國云南、廣西與廣東等省區的南亞熱帶地區廣泛種植,成為了當地新興的特色產業。……