陳文音 林建平 林必志



摘要 [目的]研究退化大葉相思林套種樹種的適宜性。[方法]對珠海市大鏡山水庫區(qū)退化大葉相思林套種的木荷、山杜英、樟樹、楓香、長芒杜英、火力楠等樹種的存活率、樹高、地徑、冠幅等生長指標進行4年的觀測,并對樹種的生長數據進行聚類分析。[結果] 經過4年的生長,6種套種樹種樹高、地徑和冠幅的年均生長量分別為88.10、1.38和41.84 cm,樹種之間的樹高和地徑年均生長量均存在極顯著差異(P<0.01),冠幅存在顯著差異(P<0.05),其中山杜英、楓香和火力楠的生長較快,木荷、樟樹和長芒杜英的生長相對較慢。[結論]套種樹種對退化大葉相思林的改造具有一定成效,山杜英、楓香和火力楠可作為退化大葉相思林套種改造的先鋒樹種,木荷和樟樹可作為套種改造的混交樹種。
關鍵詞 大葉相思;林分改造;套種樹種;生長情況
中圖分類號 S725.2文獻標識碼 A
文章編號 0517-6611(2019)19-0125-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2019.19.037
Abstract [Objective]Suitability of interplanted species was studied in degenerated Acacia auriculaeformis stands. [Method]The survival rate, tree height, ground diameter and crown width of interplanted species in degenerated A. auriculaeformis stands at Daqingshan reservoir area of Zhuhai City were measured for 4 years, according to the measured data, the growth cluster analysis of interplanted species was done. [Result]After 4 years, the annual increment of tree height, ground diameter and crown width were 88.10,1.38, 41.84 cm, there was a very significant difference in tree height and ground diameter between the tree species (P<0.01), and there was a significant difference in crown width (P<0.05). The growth of Elaeocarpus sylvestris, Liquidambar formosana and Michelia macclurei was faster, while the growth of Schima superba, Cinnamomum bodinieri and Elaeocarpus apiculatus was relatively slow. [Conclusion]There were certain effects on the stand improvement of A. auriculaeformis by interplanting tree species. The species such as E. sylvestris, L. formosana, and M. macclurei can be used as pioneer species for the stand improvement of degenerated A. auriculaeformis stands, while S. superba, C. bodinieri can be used as mixed species.
Abstract Acacia auriculaeformis;Forest stand improvement;Interplanted species;Growth
大葉相思(Acacia auriculaeformis A Cunn.ex Benth.)是含羞草科相思屬速生喬木樹種,原產于新幾內亞、澳大利亞等地[1-2],1961年由中國科學院華南植物園自東南亞引入我國。大葉相思生長迅速、生物量大、適應性強[3],是我國南方地區(qū)荒山綠化、水土保持的主要先鋒樹種[4-6],在廣東、廣西、海南、福建等省(區(qū))造林面積遠超7.1×104 hm2[7],也是廣東省中南部地區(qū)主要的生態(tài)公益林樹種之一,珠三角和粵東粵西沿海地區(qū)均有大面積分布,這些大葉相思林大部分營造于20世紀80年代末至90年代初,已逐步進入退化期。
目前林分改造主要采取皆伐和間伐方式[8-9],而大葉相思林廣泛分布于城郊、交通干線和水源區(qū),采用傳統的改造方式會造成現狀林相的急劇改變,破壞已有的生態(tài)景觀,對森林碳匯、生態(tài)環(huán)境,特別是對水土保持和水源涵養(yǎng)造成影響。如何在基本不影響其生態(tài)功能效益發(fā)揮(不間伐或盡量少間伐)的前提下實現退化大葉相思林林相漸變改造的生態(tài)更新已成為當前林業(yè)生態(tài)建設面臨的重要課題之一。……