蘇必孟 王娟 黃潔 魏云霞 鄧干然 何馮光 郁昌的 陳晨 劉治



1. 中國熱帶農業科學院熱帶作物品種資源研究所/農業農村部木薯種質資源保護與利用重點實驗室,海南儋州??571737;2. 海南大學熱帶農林學院,海南海口??570228;3. 中國熱帶農業科學院農業機械研究所,廣東湛江??524091;4. 國投廣東生物能源公司,廣東湛江??524018
摘 ?要??不同品種木薯的薯塊(塊根)在土壤中的空間分布特性即薯構型,直接影響機械收獲的效果。為探索木薯薯塊在土壤中的空間分布特性,本研究通過抽樣調查,研究了典型木薯品種華南205、南植199和新選048的薯構型,探討適宜機械化收獲的木薯品種,確定木薯機械化收獲的技術參數。結果表明,華南205和南植199的薯塊空間分布較為適宜機械化收獲,單株木薯的最優收獲半幅寬為0.0~35.0 cm、收獲層深為0.0~25.0 cm,在此條件下,華南205的薯數占比和薯重占比均達到100.0%,南植199達96.0%以上。綜合分析,確定木薯收獲機的單株木薯半幅收獲寬度為35.0 cm、收獲深度為25.0 cm,該研究結果可為木薯收獲機械的研究設計提供參考依據。
關鍵詞 ?木薯;薯構型;機械化收獲;收獲半幅寬;收獲層深中圖分類號??S533??????文獻標識碼??A
Storage Root Configuration of Cassava and the Influencefor Mechanical Harvesting
SU Bimeng1,2, WANG Juan1,2, HUANG Jie1*,?WEI Yunxia1, DENG Ganran3, HE Fengguang3,?YU Changde4, CHEN Chen1,2, LIU Zhi1,2
1. Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Cassava Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China; 2. Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; 3. Agricultural Machinery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, China; 4. Guangdong Biological Energy Co., Ltd., Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524018, China
Abstract ?The storage root configuration (SRC), which is the spatial distribution characteristics of cassava storage root under soil, will directly affect the mechanical harvesting effect. The SRC of 3 cassava varieties, South China 205 (SC205), Nanzhi 199 (NZ199) and Xinxuan 048 (XX048) was studied to find out the appropriate varieties and technological parameters for mechanical harvesting. The SRC of SC205 and NZ199 were good for mechanical harvesting. The best half harvesting width per plant and best harvesting depth for SC205 also NZ199 was 0.0-35.0 cm and 0.0-25.0 cm respectively. Under the condition, the harvesting rate of storage root number and weight of SC205 was 100.0%, and that of NZ199 was above 96.0%. It is recommended that the half width per plant and harvesting depth is 35.0 cm and is 25.0 cm correspondingly for the mechanical harvesting of cassava.
Keywords ?cassava; storage root configuration; mechanical harvesting; half width per plant; harvesting depth
DOI10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2019.10.016
木薯(Manihot esculentaCrantz)是世界三大薯類作物之一,是加工淀粉和酒精的重要工業原料。巴西是木薯發源地,其木薯生產機械化程度處于世界領先水平。哥倫比亞、泰國、尼日利亞等國通過引進借鑒巴西木薯生產機械,開展了相關研究與推廣。目前我國木薯生產主要靠人工,機械化程度低,生產成本高、效率低,嚴重制約了我國木薯產業發展[1-2]。……