植物頂端有限生長(zhǎng)相關(guān)基因與基因編輯育種研究進(jìn)展

郭品品 任鋼 李重 曾少華 德塔娜 王瑛

摘 ?要??隨著勞動(dòng)力成本的增加，農(nóng)作物的采收將逐步從人工采收過(guò)渡到機(jī)械采收，因此培育緊湊、矮化、果實(shí)成熟集中、耐密植、適宜機(jī)械化操作的新品種已成為作物遺傳改良的主要目標(biāo)。本文重點(diǎn)綜述了不同物種FT及其同源基因?qū)χ参锍苫ǖ恼{(diào)控功能，植株頂端的無(wú)限生長(zhǎng)和有限生長(zhǎng)的控制基因及其功能研究進(jìn)展，以及通過(guò)基因編輯促進(jìn)頂端成花進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致植株頂端由無(wú)限營(yíng)養(yǎng)生長(zhǎng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橛邢奚成L(zhǎng)，進(jìn)一步介紹了通過(guò)多基因同時(shí)編輯的方法推動(dòng)植物株型改變并培育新品種的成功案例。植株頂端成花和有限生長(zhǎng)的特性可以促進(jìn)果實(shí)的統(tǒng)一成熟，為適宜機(jī)械化采收的株型育種提供理論支持和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)。

關(guān)鍵詞 ?株型;開(kāi)花;有限生長(zhǎng);基因編輯中圖分類號(hào)??Q943.2??????文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼??A

Progress of Determinate Growth Genes and Gene Editing Breeding

GUO Pinpin¹，?REN Gang²，?LI Zhong³，?ZENG Shaohua¹，?DE Tana²， WANG Ying^1*

1. South China Botanical Garden， Chinese Academy of Sciences / Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement， Chinese Academy of Sciences / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany， Guangzhou， Guangdong 510650， China; 2. Haixi Institute of Agricultural Science， Delingha， Qinghai 817000， China; 3. Bryel Goji Stock Co.， Ltd.， Yinchuan， Ningxia 750200， China

Abstract ?With the increase of labor cost， there will be a gradually transition for the harvesting of fruits and vegetables from manual harvesting to mechanical harvesting. Therefore， developing new compact and mechanical harvest plant varieties with synchronized ripening period has become the main target of genetic improvement. This review summarized the flower development related genes， especiallyFTand homologous genes controlling the indeterminate and determinate growth at the top of the main stem of plants， and the successful breeding model of promoting the apical flower formation using the CRISPR/CAS9 gene editing system， which leads to the transformation of the top of the main stem into flower development and stops continuing to grow. In addition， gene editing of multiple genes relating to plant apical structure and fruit characters were successfully used for new cultivar development. Apical flower and determinate growth can promote the synchronized fruit ripening and faciliate mechanical harvest， which would provide a theoretical and practical guidance for the future breeding alternating plant structure or plant type.

Keywords ?plant type; flowering time; determinate growth; gene editing

DOI10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2019.10.014

植物株型就是植株的形狀，即植株個(gè)體在空間的幾何分布狀態(tài)。植株的主干頂端的特征直接決定植株的高度和產(chǎn)量，以及植株整體的果實(shí)成熟一致性。植株的株型研究多年來(lái)一直是作物生理、栽培和育種等學(xué)科研究的熱點(diǎn)。不同物種的植株株型及其生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育特征直接跟產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)、栽培管理成本等密切相關(guān)。目前中國(guó)勞動(dòng)力供求格局發(fā)生了質(zhì)的變化，農(nóng)村的農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力數(shù)量短缺和勞動(dòng)力質(zhì)量下降現(xiàn)象非常嚴(yán)重，我國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)正在經(jīng)歷著從勞動(dòng)密集型到工業(yè)化和機(jī)械化農(nóng)業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)變。因此，隨著勞……