李威 劉艷 李慧



摘要 [目的]研究VIP+n技術(shù)對(duì)攸縣輕度酸性鎘污染農(nóng)田早晚兩季的修復(fù)效果。[方法]對(duì)攸縣約33.33 hm2示范項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行布點(diǎn)采樣、結(jié)果分析與實(shí)施監(jiān)管。[結(jié)果]采用VIP+n技術(shù)能明顯提高酸性土壤pH,緩解土壤酸化,降低土壤中有效態(tài)鎘含量(降低幅度為44.50%~81.33%),且對(duì)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量不產(chǎn)生明顯影響;同時(shí)降低稻米鎘含量,使種植示范區(qū)水稻稻米中的鎘含量均達(dá)到我國《食物中污染物限量》,不減少水稻產(chǎn)量。[結(jié)論]VIP+n技術(shù)成本相對(duì)較低,降鎘效果明顯,具有復(fù)制和推廣的意義。
關(guān)鍵詞 酸性鎘污染農(nóng)田;VIP+n技術(shù);有效態(tài)鎘;土壤調(diào)理劑
中圖分類號(hào) X53文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A
文章編號(hào) 0517-6611(2019)19-0099-04doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2019.19.029
開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID):
Abstract [Objective]To study the remediation effect of VIP+n technology on the acidic farmland soil slightly polluted by cadmium in Youxian.[Method]Spot sampling,result analysis and implementation supervision for the Youxian demonstration project with 33.33 hm2 were carried out.[Result]The application of VIP+n technology could significantly improve the pH value of acidic soil,alleviate soil acidification,and reduce the content of available cadmium in soil (the reduction range was 44.5%-81.33%),and had no significant effect on the content of soil organic matter.At the same time,the cadmium content of rice in the planting demonstration area reached the limit of pollutants in food in China,and the yield of rice was not reduced.[Conclusion]VIP+n technology has relatively low cost,obvious effect of reducing cadmium,and has the significance of replication and promotion.
Key words Acid cadmium pollution of farmland;VIP +n technology;Available cadmium;Soil conditioner
耕地是人類賴以生存的最基本資源,具有不可替代的生產(chǎn)和生態(tài)功能,是食物安全的基礎(chǔ)和保障,對(duì)地表水、食物鏈、生物多樣性和大氣層的保護(hù)起到至關(guān)重要的作用[1-3]。然而目前,我國耕地面臨土地污染加重、優(yōu)質(zhì)耕地減少、土壤退化日益突出等問題,嚴(yán)重制約著
耕地質(zhì)量[4-6]。2014年4月,我國土壤污染調(diào)查公報(bào)中指出,現(xiàn)階段全國土壤污染狀況不容樂觀,總超標(biāo)率達(dá)16.1%,以鎘污染最為嚴(yán)重的無機(jī)污染類型為主,占無機(jī)污染點(diǎn)位的7%,而耕地污染約占耕地總面積的1/5,涉及11個(gè)省25個(gè)地區(qū),其污染面積為1.3×104 hm2[7]。在長株潭地區(qū),重金屬鎘、砷、鉛、鋅等主要以三廢排放的外源污染形式進(jìn)入土壤,其中鎘污染最為嚴(yán)重[8]。
目前鎘污染農(nóng)田修復(fù)途徑:一是把土壤中鎘含量降低至國家限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以下,但這種技術(shù)成本很高,尚無可以大面積實(shí)施的技術(shù)措施;二是采用降低土壤中鎘有效態(tài)含量及水稻鎘轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)能力,可以較大幅度降低稻米鎘含量,這種技術(shù)成本較低,可復(fù)制可推廣。……
安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)
2019年19期