不同秸稈還田對小麥生長及重金屬吸收積累的影響

曹丹 白耀博 李文紅

摘要 [目的]研究不同秸稈還田對小麥生長及重金屬吸收積累的影響。[方法]通過不同花生、水稻、玉米秸稈還田田間試驗，對小麥農藝性狀及Cd、As含量進行測定與分析。[結果]3種處理不同程度地提高小麥葉面積指數（LAI）和小麥株高，顯著提高了小麥產量，以花生秸稈增產效果最顯著，達11.06%;花生秸稈處理可以顯著降低小麥根、莖稈、籽實對Cd的吸收，卻促進了As的吸收;水稻秸稈處理對小麥吸收Cd的影響不顯著，可降低莖稈、籽實對As的吸收;玉米處理可控制小麥對Cd、As的吸收。[結論]該研究為農藝措施調控Cd、As污染提供理論依據。

關鍵詞 秸稈還田;小麥生長;重金屬;吸收;積累

中圖分類號 S141.4;S512.1文獻標識碼 A

文章編號 0517-6611（2019）19-0093-03doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2019.19.027

Abstract [Objective]The research aimed to study the effects of different straw returning on wheat growth and heavy metal absorption and accumulation. [Method] Field experiments were conducted to measure and analyze the agronomic traits and Cd and As contents in wheat.[Result] Compare with the conventional treatment， the three different straw returning treatments increased wheat LAI and wheat plant height to a certain extent， and the yield of wheat straw was significantly increased， especially peanut straw production， reaching 11.06%. Peanut straw treatment could significantly reduce Cd absorption of wheat roots， stems and seeds， but promote the absorption of As. Rice straw treatment had no significant effect on wheat uptake of Cd， but reduce the absorption of stem and seeds on As. Maize straw returning treatment could control the absorption of Cd and As by wheat.[Conclusion] The study provides the theoretical basis for agronomic measures to regulate Cd and As pollution.

Key words Straw returning;Wheat growth;Heavy metal;Absorption;Accumulation

土壤重金屬污染已經對生態系統、糧食安全及人體健康產生了巨大的潛在危害，成為當今全世界共同關注的重大環境問題。我國秸稈資源豐富，還田的秸稈在水分、溫度等條件適宜情況下，可以被土壤微生物分解，從而產生有機質、氮、磷、鉀等營養物質和微量元素，降低土壤容重，增加土壤孔隙度，形成團粒結構，改善耕地的物理性狀，提高土壤對水、氣、熱的調控能力，從而培肥地力[1-4]。國內學者在秸稈還田改良土壤鹽漬化[5]、秸稈與化肥、有機肥配施改良土壤特性等方面都有不少研究[6-7]。秸稈還田既可以消除環境污染的影響，同時又可以解決秸稈無害化處置的普遍難題，促進綠色循環農業及農業可持續發展。筆者結合徐州地區麥田土壤……