郁斯貽 朱夢杰 湯琳



摘要 以硫酸鋅、硫酸鎘和苯酚作為受試毒物,以大型溞為受試生物,開展了急性毒性試驗中陽性參比毒物的篩選試驗,測定了反應24和48 h后各濃度參比毒物中大型溞的抑制率,確定硫酸鋅和硫酸鎘可作為大型溞急性毒性試驗的陽性參比毒物。硫酸鋅的24 hEC50和48 hEC50分別為3.936和2.782 mg/L,硫酸鎘的24 hEC50和48 hEC50分別為0.745和0.356 mg/L,為今后溞類毒性試驗的開展提供參考和依據。
關鍵詞 溞類;參比毒物;毒性試驗
中圖分類號 X83文獻標識碼 A
文章編號 0517-6611(2019)19-0091-02doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2019.19.026
Abstract Using zinc sulfate, cadmium sulfate and phenol as test toxic substances, Daphnia magna was selected as subjects test organism to conduct a screening study on positive reference? toxic substances in acute toxicity test. The inhibition rates of test toxic substances? at each concentration level to D. magna after 24 and 48 hours were recorded. And the results showed zinc sulfate and cadmium sulfate could be used as positive reference toxic substances for the acute toxicity tests of daphnia. 24 h EC50 and 48 h EC50 of zinc sulfate to D. magna were 3.936 and 2.782 mg/L respectively. 24 h EC50 and 48 h EC50 of cadmium sulfate to D. magna were 0.745 and 0.356 mg/L respectively. This research provided reference and basis for conducting the? toxicity tests of daphnia in the future.
Key words Daphnia;Reference toxic substance;Toxicity tests
隨著我國經濟的快速發展和產業結構的調整,環境問題也日益突出,搬遷或廢棄的工業、農業污染場地數量呈現不斷上升的趨勢[1-2]。這些遺留的場地存在較為嚴重的污染隱患,若不進行有效的管理和修復,它們將會對土壤、地表水、地下水和周邊的環境造成危害。目前的場地污染調查以化學分析為主,但化學方法較難直觀、全面地反映各類有毒有害物質對環境或生物體的綜合影響。生物毒性試驗可以彌補這方面的不足,能夠直觀地反映污染場地的綜合生態毒性,監測復雜污染物對環境所產生的綜合效應[3-4],為進一步的場地污染風險評估提供數據支持。
溞類是甲殼動物枝角類的統稱,隸屬節肢動物門,體短,呈卵圓形,左右側扁。溞類在淡水中分布較廣,在海水中也有少量的分布。溞類具有繁殖速度快、生活周期短、來源廣、易培養等特點,且對毒性物質敏感,因而很多國家使用溞類開展生物毒性研究[5]。Biesinger等[6]對無機汞和有機汞對大型溞的慢性毒性進行了研究。……