反滲透海水淡化后濃鹽水養殖鹵蟲過程中的生理學變化

許澤昊 胡海燕 唐思敏

摘要 研究了鹵蟲在反滲透濃鹽水培養條件下體長及生理學隨時間的變化。利用反滲透濃鹽水擴大培育杜氏鹽藻，繼而用杜氏鹽藻作為餌料培育鹵蟲，利用體式顯微鏡測定和記錄鹵蟲的體長和生理學變化。鹵蟲自出生起16 d內快速生長，1～4 d內，鹵蟲生長較為緩慢，在此期間鹵蟲生理學變化明顯;4～16 d，鹵蟲生長快速，且在此期間鹵蟲完成了無節幼蟲階段到成蟲階段的生理學變化;16～54 d內，鹵蟲持續生長，最終體長為7.113 mm，在此期間，鹵蟲已經進入成蟲階段并無明顯生理學變化。鹵蟲可以在反滲透濃鹽水中正常生長發育，生理學變化明顯。該研究為反滲透海水淡化工程的濃鹽水處置利用提供了新思路新方法，并且可以為其創造額外的經濟來源。

關鍵詞 反滲透;濃鹽水;鹵蟲;生理學

中圖分類號 S917.4文獻標識碼 A

文章編號 0517-6611（2019）19-0048-05doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2019.19.016

Abstract The changes of body growth and physiology of Artemia with time in reverse osmosis saline culture were studied.Dunaliella salina was expanded by reverse osmosis concentrated brine，and then was used as bait to cultivate Artemia.The growth and physiological changes of Artemia were measured and recorded by stereomicroscope.Artemia grew rapidly within 16 days from birth.Within 1 d to 4 d，Artemia grew slowly，but the physiological changes of Artemia were obvious.From 4 d to16 d，Artemia grew rapidly，and during this period Artemia completed physiological changes from the larval stage to the adult stage.From 16 d to 54 d，Artemia continued to grow，and the final body length was 7113 mm.During this period，Artemia had entered the adult stage without obvious physiological changes.The results provide new ideas and methods for the treatment and utilization of desalination brine for reverse osmosis seawater desalination plants.It is possible that a certain additional economic benefits could be achieved.

Key words Reverse osmosis;Concentrated brine;Artemia;Physiology

淡水資源是人類生存和經濟發展的基本保障。環境污染問題減少了可利用的淡水資源，世界人口的不斷增長使得水資源人均占有量越來越少。面對這種現狀，人們開始思索開源節流的新方法。海洋占地表面積約70%，有著豐富的水資源儲備，是全球最大的水庫，然而海水的高鹽度使其無法直接為人們所利用。海水淡化技術在此背景下得到了迅猛的發展，近年來成為緩解沿海地區淡水短缺問題的有效途徑之一。隨著海水淡化技術不斷發展，所提供的淡水資源總量不斷上升，供水趨于穩定，并且不受氣候影響，價格也呈現下降趨勢。……