黨偉 范嘉林 謝一鳴



摘要 以金太陽杏花粉為試驗材料,研究不同濃度硼酸、蔗糖、CaCl2、ZnSO4、MgSO4對其花粉萌發的影響。結果表明,對金太陽杏花粉萌發影響最大的是硼酸,其次是蔗糖、CaCl2和ZnSO4,MgSO4對金太陽杏花粉萌發影響最小。硼酸、蔗糖、CaCl2對金太陽杏花粉萌發具有促進作用,隨著濃度增加萌發率升高,但濃度過高則抑制花粉萌發;花粉萌發率隨著ZnSO4濃度增加而降低;MgSO4濃度對花粉萌發影響不顯著。適宜金太陽杏花粉萌發的最佳組合:瓊脂粉 6 g/L + 硼酸200 mg/L + 蔗糖100 g/L + CaCl2 150 mg/L + ZnSO4 10 mg/L + MgSO4 20 mg/L,pH 5.8~6.0。
關鍵詞 金太陽杏;花粉;萌發率;硼酸;蔗糖;CaCl2;ZnSO4;MgSO4
中圖分類號 S662.2文獻標識碼 A
文章編號 0517-6611(2019)19-0038-02doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2019.19.013
Abstract Effect of different concentrations of boric acid, sucrose, CaCl2, ZnSO4 and MgSO4 on the pollen germination of golden sun apricot were investigated. The results showed that the biggest effect of pollen germination was boric acid, the second were sucrose, CaCl2 and ZnSO4, but the concentrations of MgSO4 was smaller. Boric acid, sucrose and CaCl2 showed positive promotion effects on the pollen germination, and the germination rate was increased with the increase of concentration, but too high concentration of them inhibited significantly pollen germination. The germination rate was decreased when the concentration of ZnSO4 was increased. The concentration of MgSO4 had no obvious effect on the germination rate. The optimum combination of the medium for pollen germination was agar gel 6 g/L + boric acid 200 mg/L + sucrose 100 g/L + CaCl2 150 mg/L + ZnSO4 10 mg/L + MgSO4 20 mg/L, and the value of pH was 5.8-6.0.
Key words Golden sun apricot;Pollen;Germination rate;Boric acid;Sucrose;CaCl2,ZnSO4;MgSO4
金太陽杏果實高糖低酸,VC含量高,肉質細膩,纖維少,汁液多,且具有早熟、早實、豐產、抗性強、耐貯運等優點,適宜露地和設施栽培。但生產中尤其是設施栽培中存在坐果率低、產量不穩定等問題。研究表明,造成杏坐果率低的主要原因是春季低溫造成凍花凍果[1]、花器官發育不良[2]、開花特性[3]、管理粗放[4]等。筆者以金太陽杏為材料,研究不同濃度硼酸、蔗糖、CaCl2、ZnSO4、MgSO4對花粉萌發的影響,并獲得最適宜使用濃度,旨在為生產中提高金太陽杏坐果率提供技術支持。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗材料
試驗在商丘市農林科學院實驗基地進行,母樹為6年生金太陽杏,長勢良好,常規管理。
1.2 試驗方法
1.2.1 花粉采集。
從生長健壯、無病蟲害、樹冠大小和長勢基本一致的金太陽杏上隨機選取含苞待放的200朵花蕾,帶回實驗室,慢慢剝掉花瓣,取出花藥,放在墊有硫酸紙的培養皿中,剔除雜質,放在陰涼干燥處陰干,花藥經12 h后開裂散粉,完全散出后放在4 ℃冰箱中干燥密閉保存,備用。……