玉米自交系1572選育與應用

張文忠 郭國亮 宋殿珍

摘要 玉米自交系1572是山西省農業科學院谷子研究所以丹340、丹341、E28和旅9寬4個自交系為基礎材料，等株授粉組成B群體，再將B群體的混合花粉導入5003自交系組建矮稈B群體，以其為基礎材料連續自交6代，育成的綜合農藝性狀好，一般配合力高，抗病性優良的玉米自交系。用1572或其衍生系做親本，現已育成粒用玉米品種18個，其中2個通過國家審定，3個通過多省審定，3個淀粉含量達到高淀粉玉米指標。從2004年至今，這些品種在我國多省、市尤其是西南丘陵玉米區得到大面積推廣應用，取得顯著社會效益。

關鍵詞 玉米;自交系;1572;品種選育

中圖分類號 S513文獻標識碼 A

文章編號 0517-6611（2019）19-0033-03doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2019.19.011

Abstract Maize inbred line 1572 was based on four inbred lines of Dan340， Dan341， E28 and brigade 9 wide， Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences. B population was composed of equal plant pollination.Then the mixed pollen of B population was introduced into 5003 inbred line to form a dwarf B population. With this inbred line as the basic material，it has been selfpollinated for six generations continuously， resulting in maize inbred with good comprehensive agronomic traits， high general combining ability and excellent disease resistance. Using 1572 or its derivatives as parents， 18 maize varieties were bred， of which 2 were approved by the state， 3 were approved by multiple provinces， and 3 starch content reached the high starch maize index. Since 2004， these varieties have been widely used in many provinces and cities in China， especially in hilly maize areas in southwest China， and have achieved remarkable social benefits.

Key words Maize;Inbred line;1572;Breeding

配合力高、抗性強、品質優、適應性廣的優良自交系是組配玉米雜交種的基礎，我國玉米雜交種每次更新換代都源于育出了新的高配合力優良自交系，玉米自交系的不斷創新推動了玉米單產的持續提高[1-3]。玉米雜交種的選育關鍵是自交系的選育。提高自交系遺傳增益的關鍵則是優異種質資源的引入、改良和創新。對目前生產上應用的優良種質進行改良、創新是選育高配合力自交系和提高雜交種單產水平的重要環節，也是豐富種質資源的重要手段[4-6]。

1 1572選育過程

1.1 矮桿B群體組建 1990年以丹340、丹341、E28和旅9寬4個自交系為基礎材料，在開花期取其等量花粉混合后，進行等株授粉組成B群體，以擴大積累多個優良自交系的有

利基因，實現有利基因的充分重組和互補。1991年以多基因矮生系5003為母本，以B群體的混合花粉為父本，雜交后組成矮稈B群體，以增加矮稈性狀的基因頻率。……