“播噴同步”機(jī)械精量穴直播技術(shù)在雜交中秈稻生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用

曹流虎 張長(zhǎng)海 李立中

摘要 以雜交中秈Y兩優(yōu)17為材料，選擇噁草酮作“播噴同步”封閉除草劑。以手工栽插超高產(chǎn)栽培的Y兩優(yōu)17為對(duì)照，研究“播噴同步”機(jī)械精量穴直播技術(shù)在安徽沿江稻區(qū)雜交中秈稻上的應(yīng)用效果。結(jié)果顯示，機(jī)械精量穴直播栽培具有播種精度高、播種均勻、播種與封閉除草同時(shí)進(jìn)行、田間操作方便、勞動(dòng)力用工和強(qiáng)度較低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，而且能省種省水、提高產(chǎn)量，在安徽沿江稻區(qū)具有較好的應(yīng)用前景。機(jī)械精量穴直播栽培Y兩優(yōu)17全生育期131 d，有效穗278.00萬/hm2，每穗總粒數(shù)203.83粒，結(jié)實(shí)率90.53%，千粒重23.34 g。與手插栽培相比，機(jī)械精量穴直播栽培技術(shù)Y兩優(yōu)17的生育期縮短、有效穗較多而穗型略小，其產(chǎn)量12.05 t/hm2，比手工栽插技術(shù)增產(chǎn)5.24%。

關(guān)鍵詞 雜交中秈稻;機(jī)械精量穴直播技術(shù);手工栽插; 產(chǎn)量

中圖分類號(hào) S511文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A

文章編號(hào) 0517-6611（2019）19-0024-03doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2019.19.008

Abstract With Indica rice Y Liangyou 17 as the research mateiral， oxadiazon was used as the blocking herbicide for sowing and spraying synchronously. With manual cultivated Y Liangyou 17 as the control， we researched the application effects of mechanical precision hole direct seeding technology of sowing and spraying synchronously in Indica rice in Anhui rice planting area along the river. Results showed that mechanical precision hole direct seeding technology had the advantages of high precision， even sowing， synchronous sowing and spraying， convenient field opreation， low labor use and strength， besides it could save water and seed and enhance the yield， which had relatively good application prospect in Anhui rive planting area along the river. The whole growth period of Y Liangyou 17 by mechanical precision hole direct seeding technology was 131 d， the effective ears were 278.00×104/hm2， grains per ear was 203.83， seedsetting rate was 90.53% and 1 000grain weight was 23.34 g. Compared with manual cultivation， Y Liangyou 17 cultivated by mechanical precision hole direct seeding technology had the characters of shorter growth period， more effective ears and smaller ear shape. Its yield was 12.05 t/hm2，which was 5.24% higher than that of manual cultivation.

Key words Hybrid Indica rice;Mechanical precision hole direct seeding technology;Manual cultivation;Yield

水稻是我國主要糧食作物之一。近年來，隨著農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力的減少，水稻生產(chǎn)逐步向輕型化、集約化、機(jī)械化方向發(fā)展[1]。水稻機(jī)械精量穴直播技術(shù)是華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)羅錫文院士發(fā)明的一種水稻輕簡(jiǎn)高效栽培技術(shù)，它將農(nóng)機(jī)與農(nóng)藝融合，進(jìn)行機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)，有利于提高產(chǎn)量，減少育秧、拔秧和插秧等環(huán)節(jié)，降低勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，具有節(jié)本、增效、提質(zhì)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)[2]。2BD-10型水稻精量穴直播機(jī)采用開溝起壟精量穴直播方式，既保證了水稻成行成穴種植的要求，通氣透氣采光好，減少了病蟲害，又保證了水稻根系在壟中較濕潤(rùn)的環(huán)境中生長(zhǎng)，只需在溝中灌入一定深度的水供水稻生長(zhǎng)之用，無須整個(gè)田面灌水，既減少了灌溉水量，又減少了水量蒸發(fā)，節(jié)省了水稻生產(chǎn)用水[3-4]。……