移栽期和施氮量對(duì)煙株個(gè)體發(fā)育的影響

蔡超群 杜宇峰 胡裕闊

摘要 [目的]研究不同移栽期和施氮量對(duì)煙株個(gè)體發(fā)育的影響。[方法]對(duì)移栽時(shí)間和施氮量進(jìn)行二因素隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計(jì)，研究不同處理對(duì)CB-1煙株農(nóng)藝性狀、烤后煙葉外觀質(zhì)量、單葉重、內(nèi)在質(zhì)量的影響。[結(jié)果]105 kg/hm2施氮量處理的煙株田間生長(zhǎng)情況較好、株型和葉面積較適宜、烤后煙葉外觀質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)較好、內(nèi)含物質(zhì)適宜、中上部煙葉單葉重較高。1月13日移栽處理的有效葉片數(shù)增多、葉面積增大，對(duì)提高煙葉品質(zhì)具有一定意義。[結(jié)論] 105 kg/hm2施氮量和1月13日移栽處理可獲得較合理的株型和比葉重、其不同部位單葉重較均勻，符合目前中棵煙培育的需求。

關(guān)鍵詞 煙株;移栽期;施氮量;煙葉品質(zhì)

中圖分類號(hào) S572文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A

文章編號(hào) 0517-6611（2019）19-0018-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2019.19.006

開(kāi)放科學(xué)（資源服務(wù)）標(biāo)識(shí)碼（OSID）：

Abstract [Objective] To research the effects of transplanting period and nitrogen application dosage on individual development of tobacco plant. [Method] Twofactor randomized block design of transplanting period and nitrogen application dosage was designed. The effects of different treatments on the agronomic characters， single leaf weight， inner quality and appearance quality of toasted tobacco leaves were researched. [Result]105 kg/hm2 nitrogen application dosage treatment showed relatively good growth status of plant tobacco in filed， proper plant shpae and leaf area， relatively good appearance quality of toasted tobacco leaves， suitable inner substances and relatively high single leaf weight of middle and upper parts. January 13 transplanting treatment showed relatively more effective leaves and bigger leaf area， and had certain significance to the quality of tobacco leaves. [Conclusion] Treatment of 105 kg/hm2 nitrogen application dosage and January 13 transplanting date could obtain relatively reasonable plant type and specific leaf weight and even single leaf weights at different plant parts， which met the cultivation needs of medium tobacco at present.

Key words Tobacco plant;Transplanting period;N application dosage;Tobacco leaf quality

煙葉品質(zhì)是諸多因素共同作用下的結(jié)果，其中包含遺傳因素、生態(tài)環(huán)境和栽培技術(shù)[1]，造成品質(zhì)差異的主要因素是生態(tài)因素，移栽期和施氮量水平是影響生態(tài)的2個(gè)非常重要的手段[2-4]，移栽期不同，煙株在各個(gè)生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育階段所處的光、溫、降雨等氣候條件存在差異，進(jìn)而影響烤煙生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)[5-6]。姚玉霞等[3]試驗(yàn)表明，氮對(duì)植株的形態(tài)建成、生長(zhǎng)速率和葉片大小均有顯著的影響。近年來(lái)，施氮量和移栽期對(duì)烤煙生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和品質(zhì)的影響有較多研究[7-10]。但不同地區(qū)所處的氣候條件、土壤特點(diǎn)等生態(tài)環(huán)境不一致，為進(jìn)一步探討適合尤溪煙區(qū)的移栽期和施氮量，筆者以主栽特色烤煙品種CB-1為試驗(yàn)材料，研究不同施氮量和移栽期對(duì)其生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和烤后煙葉產(chǎn)量及質(zhì)量的影響，旨在尋求一種提高烤煙產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的有效方法[11]。……