歐陽秋飛 滕崢 楊翠鳳

摘 要:杧果象甲是為害杧果的主要害蟲??偨Y了嚴重為害杧果的象甲種類、為害癥狀及其形態(tài)特征,最后提出加強植物檢疫,控制危險性杧果象甲傳入和蔓延;選育品種,調整杧果品種結構,加強田間管理,減少蟲口基數(shù)等農(nóng)業(yè)防治;保護天敵,使用微生物制劑,研制、開發(fā)生物誘集、趨避劑等生物防治;選用20%高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油、20%氰戊菊酯乳油等化學防治以及用γ射線輻射處理杧果等物理防治的綜合防治措施。
關鍵詞:杧果象甲;種類;癥狀;形態(tài)特征;防治
中圖分類號:S436.67文獻標識碼:A文章編號:1006-060X(2019)10-0059-03
Abstract: Mango weevil is the main pest in mango. This paper summarizes the species, symptoms and morphological characteristics of mango weevil that often causes serious damage, and put forward the comprehensive control measures as below. Legal control includes strengthening the plant quarantine to prevent the introduction and spread of dangerous mango weevil species; agricultural control includes resistant variety breeding, adjusting cultivar structure, and strengthening field management to reduce ?the number of insect population; ?biological control includes protecting natural enemies, using microbial preparations, and developing bio-trapping agents and repellents; chemical control includes spraying 20% lambda-cyhalothrin EC and 20% fenvalerate EC.?
Key words: mango weevil; species; symptoms; morphological characteristics; control
杧果(Mangifera indica Linn.)又名芒果、檬果、忘果、蜜望,是世界五大熱帶水果之一,因其香甜可口、風味獨特、營養(yǎng)豐富,享有“熱帶果王”的美譽。杧果主要生長在雨熱同季、干濕分明的熱帶、亞熱帶地區(qū),溫暖潮濕的地理環(huán)境,也為各類害蟲的生長和繁殖提供了良好的自然條件。杧果象甲(Mango weevil)是杧果生產(chǎn)上的重要害蟲,是為害杧果果實和葉片的各類象甲的統(tǒng)稱,均屬于鞘翅目(Coleoptera)象甲科(Curculionoidae)。
1 杧果象甲的種類與為害癥狀
杧果象甲可以為害所有品種的杧果,目前已經(jīng)報道的有6種,分別是鉆蛀為害杧果果肉和果核的果肉杧果象甲(Sternochetus frigidus Fabricius)、果實杧果象甲(Sternochetus olivieri Faust)、果核杧果象甲(Sternochetus mangiferae Fabricius)、蛀果杧果象(Sternochetus?poricollis Faust)和日本杧果象(Sternochetus navicularis?Roelofs),還有主要為害葉片的杧果切葉象甲(Deporaus?marginatus Pascoe)。其中前3種象甲已被我國列為對外植物檢疫二類危險性害蟲,它們對杧果果實的為害率為30%~80%,而杧果切葉象甲對葉片的為害率可達100%,嚴重影響了杧果的產(chǎn)量與品質?!?br>