蕭縣馬井鎮(zhèn)土壤肥力現(xiàn)狀及平衡施肥建議

王巖

摘 要：對宿州市蕭縣馬井鎮(zhèn)2017—2018年地力調(diào)查所得的對比數(shù)據(jù)進行分析研究，結(jié)果表明，全鎮(zhèn)耕層土壤中，大量元素如有機質(zhì)、全氮，含量偏低，鉀素處于缺乏狀態(tài)，但有效磷含量豐富;微量元素中，銅、錳含量中等，鐵、鋅相對偏低，整體缺乏。主要原因是未能正確掌握平衡施肥方法，施肥比例不適當;部分農(nóng)民在肥料使用問題上沒有科學認識，不能就特定作物進行有針對性的合理用肥，肥料施用方法不當，有機肥資源的利用率偏低以及忽略微肥的作用等。為此，今后應加大宣傳科學施肥技術(shù)，實現(xiàn)安全施肥;輔以有機肥適量施用，通過氮肥增效劑提高肥料利用率，嚴把肥料質(zhì)量管理，最終建成科學施肥制度，實施全程質(zhì)量管理。

關(guān)鍵詞：平衡施肥;無公害;安全施肥;土壤養(yǎng)分

中圖分類號 S512.1文獻標識碼 A文章編號 1007-7731（2019）19-0075-02

Present Situation of Soil Fertility and Suggestions for Balanced Fertilization in Majing Town，Xiao County

Wang Yan

Abstract：According to the comparative data obtained from the annual soil fertility survey in Majing，Xiaoxian，Suzhou，Anhui，major elements，such as organic matter and total nitrogen，are low in content and lack of potassium. However，the soil is rich in available phosphorus. Among the trace elements，copper and manganese are medium in content，while iron and zinc are relatively low and lack in whole. The above problems are mainly due to the failure to correctly grasp the balanced fertilization methods，such as the uncoordinated proportion of fertilizer application in grain and vegetable fields; the blindness of some farmers in the use of fertilizers; the inappropriate application methods of fertilizers for specific crops;the low utilization rate of organic fertilizer resources and the neglect of micro-fertilizers function，etc. In this regard，we should accelerate the promotion of scientific fertilization technology to achieve safe fertilization，supplemented by safe and appropriate application of organic fertilizer，improve the utilization rate through nitrogen fertilizer synergist，strictly control the quality of fertilizer management by relevant departments，and eventually establish a scientific fertilization system to implement quality management throughout the process.

Key words：Balanced fertilization;Pollution-free; Safe fertilization; Saoil nutrients

生產(chǎn)無公害農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的前提是要有健康且養(yǎng)分充足的土壤，而施肥則是實現(xiàn)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品高產(chǎn)高質(zhì)的必要品，要獲得安全、優(yōu)質(zhì)且高產(chǎn)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，絕不能忽視合理施用肥料的重要性。通過開展平衡施肥，可增加產(chǎn)量和效益，減少人力物力和時間的投入成本，實現(xiàn)最低量投入和最大化產(chǎn)出。并且可以保障地力狀態(tài)一直處于高水平，地下水及環(huán)境更能免受污染，真正為子孫后代留下綠水青山與金山銀山。

1 蕭縣馬井鎮(zhèn)土壤養(yǎng)分狀況

據(jù)宿州市蕭縣馬井鎮(zhèn)2017—2018年耕地地力調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，全鎮(zhèn)耕層土壤中，有機質(zhì)平均含量為12.420g/kg，對比上一次土壤普查所得數(shù)據(jù)，該含量有所提高，其變化數(shù)值在3.00～70.00g/kg;全氮含量平均為0.912g/kg，較前次土壤普查結(jié)果而言，亦有明顯提升，范圍為1.00～1.600g/kg。……