澳大利亞新南威爾士州藍山海澤布魯克紀念公園

科可里咨詢私人有限公司

海澤布魯克是地處大西部高速公路沿線上的村莊之一，它橫跨藍山，連接了悉尼與新南威爾士州西部廣闊的農業景觀。位于海澤布魯克北部的大藍山世界遺址壯觀而粗獷，具有重要的國際意義。但由于高速公路廊道的物理限制與其所包含的豐富歷史遺產和風景價值，這成為新南威爾士州道路和海事服務機構（RMS）對大西部公路升級改造過程中最大的挑戰。

紀念公園位于海澤布魯克村，是一個地方公園，由于它在高速公路升級工程期間被用作工廠倉庫和儲存區，而受到嚴重的影響。因此，在伍德福德村和海澤布魯克村之間進行“紀念公園”的恢復成為升級大西部高速公路的重要任務。公園的恢復工程于2014年成功完成，并為道路基礎設施項目如何通過創建高質量的公共開放空間而使當地居民受益提供了一個很好的范例。

1 紀念公園概念規劃圖Memory park concept plan

2 項目區位圖，顯示其地處藍山，在悉尼的西邊Location plan showing Memory Park in Blue Mountains west of Sydney

紀念公園占地約3 300m2，是當地一個富有吸引力且令人放松的公園，擁有重要的文化遺產和景觀價值。它實現了海澤布魯克村中心與相鄰的住宅區及學校間安全便捷的連接。公園外沿的自行車道與人行道連接到高速公路上一座新建的橋，為村中心和火車站、商店與鐵道南部的居住區間構建了一條安全的通路。

3 紀念公園內部的臺地高程變化Terraces address level changes within Memory Park

美國優斯集團（URS）代表新南威爾士洲道路和海事服務機構（RMS）聘請了科可里咨詢公司為公園修復工作準備詳細的城市和景觀設計資料，以及伍德福德村和海澤布魯克村之間大西部公路升級所需的景觀設計資料。

紀念公園曾承辦每年的澳新軍團紀念日典禮，這是它所擁有的文化遺產價值之一。雖然原來的戰爭紀念館已經搬遷到附近的另一個公園里，但紀念公園的文化價值已通過公園恢復設計時所包含的講解圖而獲得了公眾的認同。

科可里咨詢公司與URS的工程師合作，通過精心的城市設計應對陡峭地形帶來的挑戰。為了處理陡峭的斜坡并開拓道路，設計采用了一套包括坡道、樓梯、擋土墻和露臺的綜合體系，將公園的道路和坡道設計成一條居民和學生進入海澤布魯克村的重要路線，同時也是穿過高速公路到海澤布魯克火車站的人行道。園路與坡道下方大量貫穿公園的地下設施使得場地規劃變得更加復雜，因此擋土墻基礎和雨水排放系統的設計避免了與它們發生沖突。

設計保留了場地現有的成熟樹木，并種植了新的喬木、灌木和地被植物，以著重突出藍山典型的文化景觀特征。公園種植的新樹種選擇是在與藍山委員會和當地社區進行協商后決定的。帚狀北美鵝掌楸（Liriodendron tulipifera ‘Fastigiatum’）被選為行道樹，沿人行斜坡的基礎成行種植，連接至人行天橋。它柱狀的樹形非常適合種植在橋面一側狹窄的空間中，同時還可以保留從紀念公園望向藍山國家公園的視野，在秋天時濃郁的金黃色樹葉能營造出令人難忘的公園特色。其他的樹種還包括觀賞梨樹和紫薇，它們會在春季、夏季開花，營造出季節性景觀。

對公園遺產價值的研究還包括從州立圖書館獲取的圖像，和當地專家對遺址解釋性標識提供的建議。同時，通過設計一個砂巖墻紀念弧并沿墻列植18棵柏樹，來紀念在戰爭中犧牲的當地士兵。

隨著景觀的日益成熟，新種植的樹木開始在整個公園內圍合并定義空間，加強了穿行公園時或坐下來感受全新景觀環境時的體驗感。 同時，露臺、坡道和樓梯的連接系統提供了豐富多樣的觀景體驗。此外，連接高速公路的人行天橋坡道為公園提供了有趣的鳥瞰視角。游客可以在穿越公園時體驗各種不斷變化的景觀，還可以從坡道和橋上的瞭望臺中觀賞全景。

當負責高速公路升級工程的承包商進行清算時，發現紀念公園恢復工程完成的時間延長了。 當地居民渴望確保紀念公園能盡快完工。公園的設計圓滿地回應了與當地社區和藍山市議會協商的結果。議會的支持信證實了當地居民對公園升級設計時所抱期望已成功實現，如信中提到的 “它巧妙地解決了連接性、便利性、實質性和地方特性等會相互影響的問題，為資產所有者——理事會提供了強有力的財富”。

高速公路上方新建的人行天橋替代了原來的平交路口，通過一個入口坡道連通了海澤布魯克村和火車站，避免了機動車與騎行者、行人在此發生交通事故的可能。

在進行場地的綜合分析時，我們特別創建了一個三維計算機模型，在設計過程中用它來協助處理具有挑戰性的地形，以及在社區咨詢期間向人們講解公園設計。作為主要道路基礎設施項目的一部分，這個公共開放空間的可視化和設計，成為風景園林設計師日常工作領域中一個日益重要方向的案例。

4 從人行橋上沿大西部高速公路眺望的景觀（紀念公園位于圖片左側）View from pedestrian bridge along Great Western Highway with Memory Park on left

5 從人行橋的觀景臺上看到的公園景色View of Memory Park from pedestrian bridge lookout

6 在中央園路上可以看見人行橋的瞭望臺Central path with pedestrian bridge lookout visible above

紀念公園的恢復正在為建設一個健康、包容和強大的海澤布魯克社區而做出重大貢獻，它連接了海澤布魯克村中心與火車站，通過新的人行天橋為當地居民和學生提供安全便捷的步道和自行車道。同時，公園還為使用者提供了親近自然、沉思及與人社交等調節情緒的機會。

如今，紀念公園通過在海澤布魯克商業中心、火車站和相鄰住宅區之間提供安全便捷的連接，為當地經濟做出了重大貢獻。

7 紀念當地士兵的柏樹和砂巖墻Cypress pines & sandstone wall form memorial to local soldiers

8 從海澤布魯克村中心進入紀念公園的道路Entry path in to Memory Park from Hazelbrook village centre

（編輯/王一蘭）

項目區位：海澤布魯克村，藍山，新南威爾士州，澳大利亞

項目面積：3 300m2

業主單位：美國優斯集團（URS）& 新南威爾士州道路和海事服務機構（RMS）

合作公司：美國優斯集團（URS）& 藍山市議會

設計團隊：科可里咨詢私人有限公司

設計時間：2013年

竣工時間：2014年

圖片來源：諾埃爾 科可里

翻譯：錢蕾西

校對：孫越

Hazelbrook is one of a series of villages located along the Great Western Highway that runs across the Blue Mountains and connects Sydney with the broad agricultural landscapes of western NSW.The Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area located to the north of Hazelbrook is a spectacular and rugged landscape of international significance.

Upgrading of the Great Western Highway presented NSW Roads and Maritime Services(RMS) with one of its greatest challenges due to the physical limitations of the highway corridor and the rich heritage and scenic values it contains.

Memory Park at Hazelbrook village is a local park that was severely impacted by the highway upgrade works during which the park was used as a works depot and storage area.Restoration of Memory Park therefore formed a significant part of the Great Western Highway upgrade between the villages of Woodford and Hazelbrook.The very successful outcome of the park restoration completed in 2014 provides an excellent example of how road infrastructure projects can benefit local communities through the creation of high quality public open space.

Memory Park provides an attractive and relaxing local park covering some 3,300m2with significant cultural heritage and landscape values.The park allows safe and convenient connectivity between Hazelbrook village centre and adjoining residential areas and schools.A pedestrian and cycle ramp along the edge of Memory Park connects to a new pedestrian bridge over the Highway that provides safe access between Hazelbrook village centre and railway station as well as shops and residences located south of the railway.

Corkery Consulting was engaged by URS on behalf of RMS to prepare detailed urban and landscape design documentation for the Park restoration in addition to landscape design documentation of the Great Western Highway upgrade between Woodford and Hazelbrook.

The cultural heritage values associated with Memory Park include its historic role as the site for annual Anzac Day ceremonies.Although the original war memorial has been relocated to another nearby park the cultural values are acknowledged by interpretive graphics that were included in the park upgrade design.

Challenges created by steep topography were addressed through careful urban design by Corkery Consulting working in collaboration with URS engineers.To deal with the steeply sloping site and provide for universal access the design incorporates an integrated system of ramps,stairs,retaining walls and terraces.Paths and ramps through the park form essential routes for residents and school students accessing Hazelbrook village and the pedestrian cycle ramp across the highway to Hazelbrook railway station.Site planning was further complicated by extensive underground services that were accommodated below the paths and ramps running through the park.Retaining wall footings and stormwater drainage systems were designed to avoid conflicts with the underground services.

Existing mature trees were retained and new plantings of trees,shrubs and groundcover carried out which is focused on the cultural landscapes character typical of the Blue Mountains.The species of new trees planted in the park were selected in consultation with Blue Mountains Council and the local community.Tulip tree Liriodendron tulipifera ‘Fastigiatum’ was selected as a feature tree planted as a row along the base of the pedestrian ramp connected to the pedestrian bridge.The columnar form fits the narrow space adjoining the bridge ramp while maintaining views over the park to the Blue Mountains National Park.The rich golden yellow foliage in autumn creates a memorable feature of the park.Other species include Ornamental Pear and Crepe Myrtle,which provide seasonal blossom flowers in spring and summer.

Research on the heritage values of the park included the acquisition of images from the State Library and heritage advice from a local expert to provide content for interpretive signage.A curving sandstone wall was constructed to form a memorial arc and a row of 18 Cypress Pines were planted alongside the wall to commemorate local soldiers who died in war.

As the landscape matures the newly planted trees are beginning to define spaces throughout the park and reinforce the experience of moving through the park or sitting to enjoy the new landscape setting.The connected system of terraces,ramps and stairs provide a diverse range of view opportunities.In addition the pedestrian ramp connected to a new pedestrian bridge over the highway provides an interesting aerial perspective of the park.Visitors can experience diverse and constantly changing views as they move through the park and enjoy panoramic views from the ramp and bridge lookout.

The time taken to complete the restoration of Memory Park was extended when the contractor responsible for the highway upgrade went in to liquidation.Local residents were understandably anxious to ensure that Memory Park was completed as soon as possible.The park design successfully responded to the outcome of consultation with the local community and Blue Mountains City Council.The letter of support from Council confirmed that the expectations of the local community have been successfully met as indicated by the following quote from the letter,“its clever resolution of the competing issues of access,amenity,materiality and local identity provides Council—the asset owner—with a robust legacy.”

Replacement of pedestrian level crossing with new pedestrian bridge over the Great Western Highway connects Hazelbrook village to the railway station by a universal access ramp that has eliminated traffic accidents involving pedestrians and cyclists with highway traffic.

A feature of the comprehensive site analysis was the creation of a 3-D computer model that was used to assist the design process to deal with the challenging topography and assist in explaining the park design during community consultation.Visualisation and design of this public open space as part of a major road infrastructure project is an example of the increasingly important area of work for landscape architects.

9 樓梯連接了公園內的臺地與道路Stairs provide access between terraces & paths within Memory Park

10 紀念公園內部的歷史文化遺址解說牌Heritage interpretation panel in Memory Park

11 紀念公園的入口標識Entry sign to Memory Park

Restoration of Memory Park is making a significant contribution to a healthy,inclusive and robust Hazelbrook community by providing safe and convenient pedestrian and cycle connectivity through the park for residents and local school students linking to Hazelbrook village centre and railway station via the new pedestrian bridge over the highway.The park also provides emotional benefits for users though connection to nature and the opportunity to site and contemplate or socialise.

Memory Park now benefits the local economy by providing safe and convenient connectivity between Hazelbrook commercial centre,the railway station and adjoining residential areas.