月湖歷史地段保護與再生設計，寧波，中國

建筑設計：常青

1 屠氏別業夜景/Night view of Tu's House

寧波的月湖西區是老城保留下來最重要的歷史文化街區， 2009-2011 年由于失當的處置方式，月湖西區北片的傳統街巷和風貌建筑被大量拆除，只殘留下一些掛牌保護的歷史建筑。此舉遭到了寧波民間有識之士的強烈質疑，國家主管部門也責令“亡羊補牢”，限期恢復。2012 年，同濟大學歷史環境保護與再生領域的規劃與建筑團隊承擔了該項艱巨任務，并與相關單位全程配合，監控了工程的進度和質量。

經過現場踏勘，我們發現拆下來的構件大都保留著，存在大部分的恢復、局部新建的可能，是典型的“城市修補”工程，于是重做了保護規劃。首先，堅持以原址、原貌、原材料為基調，并充分利用原構件，復建被拆建筑，恢復街區空間結構和肌理，適度調整街區內的曠奧關系；其次，謹慎處理街區邊緣的城市界面，在瀕臨城市干道中山路的街區邊緣，以徽式馬頭墻混交吳式觀音兜的“屠氏別業”，因其前面低質的當代臨街商業建筑亦被拆除，而裸露在城市空間界面上。

為此，我們做了兩個空間界面的重塑方案。其一為廣場方案，屠氏別業兩側的新建筑用老建筑的清水磚墻“面料”，二者天際線輪廓新平舊仄，形成一種互涵對比，既有原型意象的類似性特點又有一定反差關系。其二為內庭方案，沿著中山路做出新建筑，補上城市界面，與屠氏別業圍合成內庭院。結果前者被選為實施方案，竣工后以“金融小鎮”的功能定位嘗試了適應性再生。□

The Moon Lake Historic District is located in the southwest of the old Ningbo City. It is centred by an artificial lake first dug in the Tang dynasty (AD 618-907). This area is popularly known as the "cultural centre of eastern Zhejiang".

In 2009, the implementation of a completed conservation plan aroused general dissatisfaction among the local community. The main concern about the plan focused on three points:

(1) The historical urban fabric was radically changed by the proposed wide roads and large-scale new buildings; (2) A great number of traditional courtyard houses were demolished (including 13 designated heritage buildings), disregarding the regulations set in the conservation plan; (3) The local inhabitants were moved out to make space for a gentrified residential area.

In 2011, the original conservation plan had to be abandoned because of public protests. In the following two years, our research team conducted a detailed site investigation. We completed seven research reports and two design schemes to resolve the problem caused by the improper treatment of the historical, physical, and social fabric. The design concepts are summarised as follows:

(1) To respect history, accept reality, and achieve a balance between the interests of various parties.

(2) To provide an appropriate proportion of residential, commercial, and public space respectively and achieve a balance between economic, environmental and social interests.

(3) To preser ve the sur vived historic architecture, repair or reconstruct the demolished heritage architecture by "putting new wine in to old bottles", and create new architecture and functions based on a comprehensive understanding of the historical streetscape and urban environment.□

2 街區復建后鳥瞰/Aerial view after renovation

3 街區再生總平面/Block regeneration site plan

4 與古為新的入口廣場建筑/Co-existence of old and new among entrance square buildings