王旭超 李劍 林盡染
[摘要]白癜風是皮膚科常見的一種色素脫失性皮膚黏膜疾病,發(fā)病原因可能和神經內分泌、遺傳、細胞毒性、氧化應激、自身免疫和生化等因素有關。白癜風治療困難,臨床上常用的治療方法有口服或外用糖皮質激素、免疫調節(jié)劑、中醫(yī)中藥、光療以及外科手術等。近年來,隨著對白癜風發(fā)病機制的不斷深入研究,治療上許多新技術、新藥物層出不窮,特別是隨著細胞培養(yǎng)技術和組織工程技術的發(fā)展,外科手術移植的方法給白癜風的治療帶來了新的希望。本文就近年來白癜風的外科治療進展綜述如下。
[關鍵詞]白癜風;治療;外科方法;新技術
[中圖分類號]R758.4+1 ? ?[文獻標志碼]A ? ?[文章編號]1008-6455(2019)11-0171-03
Abstract: Vitiligo is a common pigmented skin and mucous membrane disease in dermatology, for which the pathogenesis may be related to neuroendocrine, genetics, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, autoimmune and biochemical factors. The treatment of vitiligo is difficult, and the commonly used clinical treatment methods include oral or external glucocorticoid, immunomodulator, traditional Chinese medicine, phototherapy, as well as surgery and so on. In recent years, with the continuous in-depth study of the pathogenesis of vitiligo, many new technologies and drugs have emerged. Especially with the development of cell culture technology and tissue engineering technology, surgical transplantation has brought new hope for the treatment of vitiligo. In this review, the progress of surgical treatment of vitiligo in recent years is summarized.?
Key words: vitiligo; treatment; surgery; new techniques; review
白癜風根據(jù)病期,可以分為進展期和穩(wěn)定期;根據(jù)分型,可以分為局限型、節(jié)段型、尋常型和混合型,其中尋常型包括散發(fā)型、泛發(fā)型、面頸型、肢端型和黏膜型。白癜風的外科治療即手術治療,適用于對藥物治療和光療無效的穩(wěn)定期白癜風患者,對非手術治療不敏感的皮損,如:口唇、手足及生殖器等部位,或者暴露部位的皮損也可采用外科治療[1]。白癜風外科手術方法主要包括手術切除(含皮膚擴張和皮瓣轉移)、皮膚磨削和自體皮膚移植。手術切除和磨削針對面積較小的白癜風患者,但是對于皮損面積較大的患者,自體皮膚移植是較為理想的方法。自體皮膚移植可分為三類:含黑素細胞的正常皮膚(表皮或表皮和真皮)移植,非培養(yǎng)的含有黑素細胞的表皮或者毛囊移植及生長于附著物培養(yǎng)的黑素細胞(含有或不含有角質形成細胞)移植[2]。……