陳之均 滕青 曾夢鳳 林慧凡



摘 要:茂名市中小河流水質監測結果表明:(1)中小河流有較高的氮磷和有機負荷,其中氨氮、總氮、總磷和CODCr的濃度均超出Ⅴ類地表水質標準的最大值,主要來源為農業面源污染;(2)CODCr空間污染分布特征呈現為近郊地區比中心城區污染更為嚴重,小型支流比中型河流污染嚴重,近郊地區應加強農業面源污染控制。
關鍵詞:中小河流;污染特征;氮磷污染;地表水質
中圖分類號 X52文獻標識碼 A文章編號 1007-7731(2019)17-0119-03
Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution of Medium and Small Rivers in Maoming
Chen Zhijun et al.
(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemcial Pollution Processes and Control,School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology,Maoming 525000,China)
Abstract:Water quality of medium and small rivers in Maoming city was monitored and the results showed that:(1) the rivers were under heavy eutropic condition,with high loadings of nitrogen,phosphorus and organic pollutants,and the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and CODCr exceed the maximum value of the surface water standard of category V. The main source was agricultural non-point source pollution. (2) The distribution characteristics of CODCr space pollution mainly showed that the suburban area was more polluted than the central city,while the small tributary was more polluted than the medium-sized river. Therefore,the suburban area should strengthen agricultural non-point source pollution control.
Key words:Medium and small rivers;Pollution characteristics;Nitrogen and phosphorus pollution;Surface water quality
茂名市位于廣東省西部,水資源豐富,小東江是茂名市的主要河流,其途經農田區、工業區和城區。中小型河流,尤其是小型支流,水流緩慢且總量小,容易受到周邊人為污染,水體自凈能力不足,難以抗住污染物沖擊[1]。另外,農村的污染水處理廠、垃圾處理廠和地下排污管道設施往往較為落后或缺失[2-3],進一步造成周邊水環境污染。茂名是廣東著名的水果種植和養豬大市,農業的污染面源污染問題較大[4],極易造成周邊水體富營養化。
與大型河流相比,中小型河流的水質監測,尤其是小型河流[5],缺乏細分的監測方法和分析方法[6]。我國南方地區小型支流往往分布更廣,對于落后鄉村而言,常就地取水使用,對人體的危害較大[7-9]。本研究對茂名市區內的典型小型河流水質進行監測,對氮、磷元素的污染特征進行分析和評價,以期為當地水污染治理提供參考。
1 樣品的采集及分析
1.1 研究地區概況 茂南區位于茂名市南部,主要河流有小東江和白沙河,支流眾多,農田和養殖場分布較多,鄉村往往傍水而居或自行挖水道引流使用。……