托馬斯·M·梅尼諾市長公園，馬薩諸塞州，美國

景觀設計：韋斯頓和桑普森建筑事務所

Landscape Architect: Weston & Sampson

（王單單 譯）

1 這個無障礙的社交場所滿足了多樣化人群的需求，提供了玩耍、被動娛樂和社交互動的機會，還能欣賞天際線的景觀/This accessible and social venue meets the needs of a diverse population with opportunities for play, passive enjoyment, and social interaction, along with skyline views.

設計是對社會需求的回應，而特殊時刻可以增強靈感。梅尼諾公園的設計經歷了以下多個事件：波士頓任職時間最長的市長面臨退休；斯波爾丁康復醫院在昔日的查爾斯頓海軍造船廠開設了一家新分院，并在波士頓馬拉松爆炸案發生后充當治療受傷跑步者和觀眾的歸零地；在參觀新建筑時，梅尼諾市長在相鄰的海濱地帶發現了開發一座嶄新的無障礙式全包容型游樂場的潛力。

該項目的設計將內部公園/游樂場與外部的港口步道連接在一起，填補了波士頓海濱走廊的一個缺口。我們的景觀建筑師帶領著一組多樣化的團隊，如持證的工地人員、監管/審批專家、工程師、測量員、游樂場設計專家和施工人員。大家共同致力于設計一個地標性的公共空間。來自斯波爾丁醫院及該社區的物理專家和職業療法/康復專家被邀請參與該項目，并成為公眾宣傳的一部分。不僅如此，他們還為設計過程提供了寶貴的見解。此外，我們的團隊還與客戶、市長辦公室、斯波爾丁醫院、查爾斯頓社區、市政機構、承包商和分包商進行了溝通。

內部公園設計的靈感來自于該場地的歷史（昔日的二戰干船塢）以及對可持續元素的應用，如重新利用阻擋海水所用的花崗巖塊——這些海堤石塊現已變為座位，形成了用于界定空間的階梯式“干船塢”墻面。這些階梯的高度營造了一種封閉感，在為那些有感知問題的患者提供空間的同時，還構建了令人驚嘆的海港景觀。

梅尼諾公園將包容性的理念嵌入每一個設計層面，營造出歸屬感和社區感。該項目的首要目標是將包容性做到比法律要求的更高，而游樂場則象征著最高水平的無障礙性。公園為所有年齡段的人提供了數不清的游樂活動、物理治療和鍛煉機會，其中包括四通八達的港口步道及其信息標識，以及壯觀的城市景和水景。這座新公園是一種引人注目的開放空間資源，旨在為面臨健康挑戰的人們提供一處治愈之地，讓人從日常城市生活中得以喘息，鼓勵著那些堅持不懈、努力重新開始、逐漸覺醒的人。

公園內設60 臺精心挑選的無障礙游樂設備，適用于多種多樣的肢體訓練和體能鍛煉。整座公園的所有動線和功能為人們提供了平等的樂趣。通過堆砌而成且高低起伏的草堆，兒童和護理人員都可以爬上攀登物的最高點——適當冒險、挑戰自我，分享戶外玩耍的樂趣。梅尼諾公園里沒有“入園動線”，無論年齡與身份，都可以一同玩耍、探索、成長。該項目以其考慮周到的無障礙設計，正在改變人們對自身的看法和期望——什么是我們能做到的、什么又是活得充實。□

（王單單 譯）

Design responds to societal needs, and inspiration can be heightened by extraordinary moments in time. The design of Menino Park coincided with the confluence of several events: Boston's longest-serving mayor was retiring; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital had opened a new facility in the former Charlestown Navy Yard and was serving as ground zero for the treatment and recovery of injured runners and spectators after the Boston Marathon bombing; and, while touring the new building, Mayor Menino saw potential in the adjacent waterfront site for development of a new, fully inclusive and accessible playground.

The design plans included an interior public park/playground and an exterior Harborwalk link to close a gap in Boston's waterfront corridor. Our landscape architects managed a diverse team, including licensed site professionals and regulatory/permitting experts, engineers, surveyors, playground specialists, and construction professionals and worked feverishly to design a landmark accessible public space. An extensive public outreach component secured critical insight for our design process through interactions with physical and occupational therapy/rehabilitation experts from Spaulding and neighborhood residents. Our team worked in communication with the client, the Mayor's Office, Spaulding, the Charlestown community, city agencies, contractors, and subcontractors.

The interior park form was inspired by the site's history as a World War II drydock, and sustainable elements include the use of repurposed granite blocks that previously held back seawater; these seawall blocks now offer seating and form the terraced "drydock" walls that define the space. The height of these terraces provides a sense of enclosure essential to a space that supports those with sensory challenges, while still framing stunning harbor views.

By embedding the idea of inclusivity into every design aspect, Menino Park evokes a sense of belonging and community. Taking inclusion beyond what the law requires was the over-arching objective, and the playground represents the highest level of accessibility. Innumerable opportunities for active play, physical therapy, and exercise for all generations are incorporated into the park, which also includes the accessible Harborwalk with informational signage and spectacular views of the city and the water. The new park is a dramatic open space resource designed as a place of recovery from health challenges and respite from the daily rigor of urban life. It honors those focused on perseverance, renewal, recovery, awakening, and revival.

The park includes 60 pieces of accessible play equipment carefully selected to accommodate a wide range of physical movement and development; all routes and features throughout the park provide fun and excitement on equal terms. By leveraging the change in elevation created by mounded lawns, children and caregivers alike are able to reach the highest point of the climbing structures, take suitable risks, challenge themselves, and share in the thrill of outdoor play. At Menino Park, there is no "accessible route"; it is simply a place for all ages and capacities to move, explore, and thrive alongside one another. With its thoughtful, accessible design, Menino Park is changing perceptions and expectations of what people are capable of and what living fully truly means. □

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: City of Boston, Massachusetts

設計/首要顧問/Designer/Prime Consultant: Weston & Sampson

承建商/Construction Contractor: MacKay Construction Services, Inc.

噴灌顧問/Irrigation Consultant: Irrigation Consulting, Inc. 游樂場設備分包商/Playground Equipment Subcontractors: Park Street Playgrounds (Representing Goric); M.E. O'Brien & Sons (Representing Landscape Structures, Inc.)

景觀藝術家/Landscape Artist: Sterling Design/Sterling McMurrin

面積/Area: 10,117m2

造價/Cost: 250,000USD (設計/design) 3,200,000 (建造/construction)

設計時間/Design Period: 2013-2014

攝影/Photos: Anthony Crisafulli Photography(fig.1,5,10), Landscape Structures, Inc.(fig.3,4), Weston & Sampson (fig.6)

2 總平面/Site plan

3 各 種各樣的游樂設備適合一系列的身體運動和運動技能的發展，不同能力的使用者可以一起活動和探索/A variety of play equipment accommodates a range of physical movement and motor skill development; users of different abilities can move, explore, and thrive together.

4 東側的木質坡道可以通往上層的游樂設備、港口人行道，這里的座位和活動空間具有欣賞游樂場和周邊城市景觀的絕佳視野/Climbing the east side wood ramp system, one is connected to upper play equipment access points, the Harborwalk, and to seating and events spaces with stunning views of the playground itself and the surrounding city.

5 獨特的設計讓輪椅使用者也可以自如地到達活動場地/Unique structures allow users in wheelchairs to roll seamlessly into place.

6 由于與梅尼諾公園的多重連接，港口步道更具可達性，并且提供了通往城市其他區域的重要連接/With multiple connections to Menino Park, the Harborwalk is easily accessible and offers important connections to other areas of the city.

7 坡道平面/Timber ramp plan

8 坡道結構平面/Ramp farming plan

9 坡道基礎平面/Ramp foundation plan

10 游樂設施/Play equipment

評論

王小榮：梅尼諾公園是由醫院、政府、社區共同參與設計的無障礙游樂場所，其包容性理念是整個康復性公園設計的核心，旨在為所有不同年齡、不同能力的人們提供一處心理、生理健康問題的治愈地。不僅提高了人們參與的興趣，而且活動間的互動，人群間的交流，可以幫助身心患者感受精神上的平等與社會的溫暖。

公園開放的路徑可以讓所有來客無障礙地進入鍛煉康復區、兒童游樂區、港口步道觀景區、坡度平緩的休息平臺。既可以選擇內心安靜的面對大海和“千船塢”階梯，又可以體驗公園內為康復患者提供的多種鍛煉設備，感受童趣的快樂，有助于身心的康復。

邵磊：城市公共空間是城市的客廳，是城市空間發生聯系的重要節點。城市公共空間的無障礙，代表了城市靈魂的包容和平等。梅尼諾公園的設計與建設，有其豐富的歷史背景和周邊建筑的影響，雖然規模不大，但通過無障礙景觀的營造，和城市取得了完美的呼應。公園設計的亮點在于交通流線和坡道設施與場地的有機結合，無論是從形態，還是功能與材質，無障礙景觀的設計似乎就是為這個場地而存在。不僅僅是為肢殘群體，還考慮到感知有障礙的人群，以及各種不同年齡的人在康復、游樂等方面的需要。無障礙的目標早已融入到富有魅力、充滿活力的景觀和設施之中。這也是對通用設計最好的詮釋。

Comments

WANG Xiaorong: Menino Park is a landmark and accessible public park designed by Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, the local government and the Charlestown community. The inclusive concept is the core of the whole design plan, aiming at providing a public space for people who have mental and physical health problems of all ages and abilities. The park not only increases people's interest in participation, but also helps physical and mental patients to feel spiritual equality and social warmth through the interaction between activities and the communication between groups.

The routes of the park are accessible to visitors of different abilities to enter the physical therapy area, children's playground, harbourwalk, and rest platform. People can choose to view the sea and the dry dock in peaceful mind, or experience a variety of exercise equipment provided for rehabilitation patients in the park, and feel the childhood pleasure which is good for physical and mental health. (Translated by ZHANG Xiaohong)

SHAO Lei: Urban public space is the living room of the city and an important node for the connection of urban space. The accessibility of urban public spaces represents the tolerance and equality of the city's soul. The design and construction of the Menino Park has its rich historical background and influence of surrounding buildings. Although it is small in scale, it has achieved a perfect echo with the city through the construction of inclusive landscapes. The highlight of the park design is the organic combination of circulation, the ramp facilities and the site. Whether in form, function or material, the design of the accessible landscape seems to exist for this venue. Not only for the disabled, but also for people with perception disabilities, as well as the needs of people of all ages in rehabilitation and recreation. Accessibility goals have long been integrated into glamorous, vibrant landscapes and amenities. This is also the best interpretation of universal design.