斯波爾丁康復醫院，馬薩諸塞州，美國

建筑設計：帕金斯威爾建筑設計事務所

Architects: Perkins and Will

1 外景/Exterior view

這座新建的康復醫院坐落在查爾斯頓海軍造船廠的一角，顯眼又醒目。該項目的設計以患者為先，充當起了加快恢復的治療角色。玻璃幕墻將陽光引入室內，營造出開闊感，讓患者和游客在每一層樓都能欣賞壯麗的港口景色。從病床到康復花園和屋頂露臺，這種與自然環境的聯系是康復過程中的一個重要部分。

斯波爾丁的每一個角落均為消除障礙而設計。在設計的最初階段，設計團隊在老醫院體驗了一天的輪椅生活，以便更好地理解患者的想法與痛點。該設計旨在將醫院視為治療工具，為患者打造一個可以培養自信與獨立性的環境。

設計團隊與無障礙專家合作，進行了廣泛的研究，以創建一家不僅僅只滿足《美國殘疾人法案》要求的未來醫院。醫院的設計考慮到了每一個方方面面——街道層的入口、低而圓的前臺、帶定制櫥柜和自動遮陽的病房、病員電梯、私人浴室及私人冰箱、家屬就寢設施、病人與訪客的無線網絡連接等設施。為了幫助病人重建自理能力，康復醫院還提供門診服務、水療池、兩座大型體育館、日常活動配套設施、過渡期病員公寓以及位于兩層住院樓層的衛星健身房。□（王單單 譯）

2 鳥瞰圖/Aerial view

The new rehab hospital, sited at the tip of the old Charlestown Navy Yard, is a proud, transparent place. The design places the patient first, creating a therapeutic tool that speeds recovery. Its glass fa?ade brings in light to create an open, expansive feel that connects patients and visitors to the remarkable harbor view from every floor. From the patient bed to the healing gardens and roof top terrace, this connection with the natural environment is an important part of the healing process.

Every nook of Spaulding was designed to eliminate barriers. During the initial design phase, our design team spent a day in the old hospital entirely in wheelchairs to better understand the perspective and challenges of the patients. Our aim was to create a hospital that is a instrumental to healing, with an environment that fosters confidence and independence for our patients.

We worked with accessibility experts and conducted extensive research to create a hospital of the future, one that went beyond only meeting ADA requirements. Every aspect of the building design has been considered - the entry is at street level; the reception desk is low and rounded; the patient rooms have custom cabinetry and automated shades, patient lifts, private bathrooms and amenities such as private refrigerators, sleeping accommodations for family members and a wireless connection for patients and guests. With a clear goal of helping patients regain their independence, the building programme includes outpatient services, a pool for aqua therapy, two large gymnasiums, an activities-of-daily-living suite, transitional patient apartment and satellite gyms embedded on two inpatient floors.□

項目信息/Credits and Data

設計團隊/Design Team: Ralph Johnson, Robert Brown, Jeff Keilman, Daniel Stubbs

面積/Area: 24,155m2

竣工時間/Completion Time: 2013.04

攝影/Photos: James Steinkamp(fig.1), ESTO / Anton Grassl(fig.4-7,12-13)

3 總平面/Site plan

4 可供病人和醫護人員使用的屋頂花園/Roof Garden for Patients and Staff

5 康復大廳一角/View of Inpatient Gym

6 標準病房層走廊/Patient Floor Corridor

8 病房標準布局/Typical configuration

9.10 病房夜間布局方案/Night configuration

11 緊急情況下病房布局/Emergency condition

12 護士站及病房層公共等候空間/Nurses' Station & Waiting Space

評論

呂小泉：無障礙設施齊全的美國斯波爾丁康復醫院無障礙設計，可以稱為現代無障礙設計理念從關注殘疾到關注消除障礙的實例。美國無障礙設計是全世界最早以人體測量學、人體工程學和人類行為學的實測數據為標準依據的。斯波爾丁康復醫院總體規劃、單體建筑與構造設計都考慮了人的無障礙需求與實際尺寸，僅從其洗手臺高度、容膝空間、水龍頭等的無障礙設計可見一斑。良好的室內外無障礙環境、舒適的住宿條件、完善的康復設備設施拓展了人體功能，極大地便利功能障礙者的治療與康復。

邵磊：通用設計有明確的原則，但并沒有一成不變的標準。實現通用設計的全過程是一個產品和需求互動、設計不斷優化、產品性能螺旋式的循環上升的創作結果。斯波爾丁康復醫院的設計很好地詮釋了這一點。無障礙的實現沒有僅僅停留在規范基礎標準層面，而是以用戶為中心，通過設計創作不斷優化建筑空間與功能。作為康復醫院，面對大量行為或者感知有障礙的群體，設計上需要深入地了解他們在醫院中的行為需求，了解康復治療所需要的最佳環境，斯波爾丁康復醫院的設計在這兩方面都成為亮點。從室外環境到室內家具，從功能空間的尺度到交通動線，都很細致地考慮了輪椅、康復以及多功能使用的需要。建筑空間本身的品質已經和促進康復的目標有機融合在一起——無障礙就是康復的一個重要組成部分。

Comments

LYU Xiaoquan: The accessible design for the wellequipped and accessible Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital can be regarded as a living example of the modern accessible design philosophy when it comes to caring for both the disabled and the elimination of barriers. The barrier-free design in the United States is the world's first accessible design that was based on the measured data of anthropometry, human engineering and praxeology. The master plan, individual building and mechanical design of the hospital have taken into account the accessibility requirements and actual size of users. These considerations can be seen in the barrier-free design for the height of the wash bins, the knee space and the water faucet. The nice accessible design for both the indoor and outdoor environments, the comfortable accommodation and the complete rehabilitation facilities have helped to develop the patients' body functions, and have greatly contributed to both therapy and recovery for people with disabilities. (Translated by Dandan Wang)

SHAO Lei: Universal design has clear principles, but there are no unchanging standards.The whole process of realising universal design is the result of a product and demand interaction, the continuous design optimisation, which pushing the performance of the product spiraling upward. The design of the Spalding Rehabilitation Hospital is a good example. The realisation of accessibility does not only stay at the standard level of the common standard, but is user-centered, and continuously optimises the building space and functions through design creation. As a rehabilitation hospital, faced with a large number of behaviours or groups with perceived impairments, it is necessary to have an in-depth understanding of their behavioral needs in the hospital and understand the optimal environment for rehabilitation treatment. The highlights of Spalding Rehabilitation Hospital are in both aspects. From the outdoor environment to the interior furniture, from the scale of the functional space to the circulation, the need for rehabilitation and multi-functional use is carefully considered. The quality of the building space itself has been organically integrated with the goal of promotion of rehabilitation - accessibility is one of the key issues.

13 便于輪椅病人使用的洗手臺/Special-Designed Sink

14 桌子容膝空間節點圖/Knee space detail