北京大興國際機場無障礙設計，北京，中國

無障礙設計：劉琮，胡霄雯/北京市建筑設計研究院有限公司

Accessible Design: LIU Cong, HU Xiaowen/Beijing Institute of Architectural Design

北京大興國際機場是習近平總書記親自關懷的國家重點工程，按照建設“四個工程”（精品工程、樣板工程、平安工程、廉潔工程）的標準和打造“四型機場”（平安機場、綠色機場、智慧機場、人文機場）的目標，積極推進各項工作。無障礙環境建設是精品、樣板工程的重要組成和人文機場的重要體現。截止目前，中國各類殘疾人總數近8500 萬，60 歲以上老年人近2.5 億，兩者累積占全國總人口的比例約24%。如何解決這一龐大群體的出行是機場航站樓一直面臨的技術問題。北京大興國際機場的設計堅持問題及需求導向，總結出一套“國際領先，國內一流，世界眼光，高點定位”的無障礙系統設計導則。

航站樓功能簡介

航站樓地上5 層，地下2 層，地上采用“雙層出發+雙層到達”的總體豎向功能組織。通過對旅客全流程的需求分析，在航站樓內、外包括車道邊、值機區、檢查區、候機區、登機橋、遠機位等區域為旅客提供全流程的無障礙服務，最終實現全面無障礙通行體驗，為國內其他機場無障礙環境建設提供示范樣板和標桿，同時完成服務2022 年季冬殘奧會的使命。

無障礙設計突破及創新

在梳理全樓各種流線所涉及的無障礙設施后，我們將北京大興國際機場無障礙系統分為八大系統、包括：停車系統、通道系統、公共交通運輸系統、專用檢查通道系統、服務設施系統、登機橋系統、標識信息系統、人工服務系統。針對行動不便、聽障、視障三大人群的不同需求，展開無障礙設計專項研究，結合圖示對各系統無障礙設計提出新的思路和標準。

（1）停車系統：結合航站樓出入口就近設置無障礙停車位，車位包含寬度不小于1.2m 的側向輪椅通行區及車尾輪椅通行區。

（2）通道系統：從落客平臺人行道起通過三面坡銜接航站樓標高，設置連續盲道引導至入口召援電話；入樓后有連續盲道引導至內部綜合問詢柜臺。

（3）公共交通運輸系統：以電梯為例，通過收集三類人群的不同需求定制出大興國際機場特有的電梯設施。比如一體化的連續扶手帶與低位橫向操控面板、外部腳踏按鈕、轎廂內壁反射材質的運用等。

（4）專用檢查系統：對航站樓內不同功能的檢查現場均考慮滿足輪椅通行寬度的專用檢查通道，并且在安檢現場設私密檢查間。

（5）服務設施系統：作為服務行業的載體，航站樓內服務設施系統是整個無障礙設計系統的重點和難點，也是無障礙環境現狀的痛點所在。所涉及服務設施包括：低位柜臺、低位電話、登機口輪椅、專用停靠區、愛心座椅，公共衛生間，無障礙衛生間，母嬰候機室，無高差行李托運設施。

以無障礙衛生間為例，除了符合需設潔具的要求，首次引進人工造瘺清洗器，并增加母嬰設施（嬰兒打理臺、嬰兒掛斗），打破傳統無障礙衛生間的定義，實現通用化設計的無障礙衛生間。類似呼叫按鈕、安全抓桿等設施經常容易被忽略，本次設計經過實地調研、學術討論、專家評審、現場實踐，最終形成精確到毫米級的設計標準。

除此之外，服務設施無障礙設計同樣惠及普通旅客。傳統行李托運設備與地面有一定高差，北京大興國際機場通過特殊定制的斜面式稱重系統方便旅客將行李輕松推上行李稱重機。

（6）登機橋系統：控制橋內坡度，并增設雙層扶手保證輪椅乘坐者的行動安全。

（7）標識信息系統：設置無障礙設施導向標志，并在無障礙設施旁顯著位置設無障礙設施位置標志。

（8）人工服務系統：軟性的人員服務是對硬性無障礙設施的補充和升華，旨在為各類旅客群體提供舒適和流暢的出行體驗。□

項目信息/Credits and Data

建筑面積/Area: 780,000m2建筑高度/Height: 50.9m攝影/Photos: 劉琮，胡霄雯，王亦知/LIU Cong, HU Xiaowen, WANG Yizhi

1 航站樓鳥瞰/Aerial view of terminal

3 信息服務臺/ Information service counter

Beijing Daxing International Airport is a major project of national importance that President XI Jinping personally cares for. According to the standards of building "four projects" (quality projects, model projects, safety projects, clean projects) and the goal of "four types of airports" (safety airport, green airport, smart airport, humanistic airport), the airport actively promote various tasks. The construction of barrier-free environment is an important component of quality and model projects and an important reflection of the humanistic airport. Up to now, the total number of disabled people in China is nearly 85 million, and the number of elderly people over 60 is nearly 250 million. The two aforementioned categories count for 24% of the total population. How to solve this huge group travelling is a technical problem that the airport has been facing. The design of Beijing Daxing International Airport insist following problem and demand, finally we summarise a set of international leading, domestic first-class, world vision and high-point positioning guidelines.

Terminal function overview

4 無障礙停車位/Accessible parking space

The terminal building has 5 floors above ground and 2 underground floors. It adopts "double-layer departure + double-layer arrival" transportation organization. Through the analysis of the needs of passenger's entire process, the terminal provides full-process accessibility services inside and outside including curbside, check-in area, security check, departure lounge, boarding bridge, and departure lounge of remote stands. In the end, it promotes a comprehensive barrier-free experience, provide demonstration models and benchmarks for the construction of barrier-free environment in other airports in China, and complete the mission of serving the 2022 Winter Paralympic Games.

Innovation of accessibility design

After sorting out the accessible facilities involved in the various passenger's process of the whole building, we divided the accessible facilities of Beijing Daxing International Airport into 8 systems: including those for parking, access, public transportation, specific channel, service facilities, boarding perts, identification information system and manual service system. In response to the three different groups of people with limited mobility, hearing impairment and visual impairment, specific research on accessibility design is carried out. Meanwhile the design idea and standards for each system are presented in diagrams.

(1) Parking system:

An accessible parking space is provided near the entrance and exit of the terminal building. The parking space includes a side and a back wheelchair passing area both with a width of not less than 1.2 meters.

(2) Access system:

5 電梯/Elevator

A three-sided slope is set to connect the sidewalk of the drop-off platform and terminal entrance/exit. And the continuous blind sidewalk is set to the alarm call, after entering the building, there is a continuous sidewalk leading to the information counter.

(3) Public transportation system:

Taking the elevator as an example, the elevator of Daxing International Airport is unique due to customised design by collecting the different needs of the three types of people. Such as the integrated continuous handrail belt and the low lateral control panel, the additional foot button, and the reflection material of the inner wall of the lift.

(4) Specific channel system:

A specific inspection channel suits for wheelchair width is considered in the terminal building, also a private inspection room is set up at the security check area.

(5) Service facilities system:

As a carrier of the service industry, the service facility system in the terminal building is the focus and difficulty of the entire accessibility design system, also it is the pain point of the status of accessibility environment. The involved service facilities include: lower counters, lower bar, seats, public washrooms and accessible washroom, guide dog rooms, baggage delivery belt facilities.

Taking accessible bathroom as an example, it is first time introducing ostomate cleaning devices and additional maternal and child facilities (baby care tables, baby hoppers) that breaks the definition of traditional accessible bathroom and realise generalised design. In addition, facilities such as alarm call buttons, safety grab bars are often ignored. This time the design has been filed-researched, academically discussed, expert reviewed and practiced to form a design standard that is accurate on millimeter level.

Besides, the accessible facilities also consider ordinary travelers. The traditional baggage handling equipment has a certain height difference with the ground. The new airport solve the problem by a special customised weighing system that eliminate the height difference.

(6) Boarding bridge system:

To ensure wheelchair user's walking safety, boarding bridge add double-layer handrails besides control the slope.

(7) Identification information system:

In the building accessible facility-oriented sign is placed and facility mark is located next to accessible facilities.

(8) Manual service system:

Manual service is a soft way to complement and improve accessible facilities, finally provide a comfortable and smooth travel experience for all types of travelers. □

6.7 公共衛生間/Public bathroom

10.11 無障礙衛生間/Accessible bathroom

12 無障礙衛生間平面/Plan of accessible bathroom

13 洗手臺立面和平面/Elevation & plan of washbasin

14 小便斗立面和平面/Elevation & plan of urinal

15 坐便器立面和平面/Elevation & plan of toilet

16.17 登機橋內景/Interior view of boarding bridge

評論

呂小泉：機場無障礙是復雜的系統工程，作為城市與國家公共建筑無障礙建設對外展示的窗口，北京大興國際機場在旅客抵離與使用的無障礙流線、無障礙標識與信息系統、貼心的無障礙服務等方面很有特色。分布在航站樓內的100多座無障礙衛生間成為無障礙設計的亮點。設計師通過無障礙需求分析，創造了便捷周到、較為完善的無障礙設備設施和為各類客戶群復合使用的空間，并將通過2022冬殘奧會等團隊殘障旅客集中使用，動態調整與運行無障礙設施。

孫立揚：北京大興國際機場的無障礙設計從停車、通道、公共交通運輸、專用檢查通道、服務設施、登機橋、標識信息、人工服務多方面入手，提出服務殘疾人、老年人等行動不便人群的解決方案，系統地將我國空港設施無障礙設計提高到了一個新的水平。

特別是“機場訂制無障礙電梯”“托運行李斜面式稱重系統”“人工造瘺清洗器”等先進設備在國內機場設計中都是首次實踐應用，具有引領示范作用。北京大興國際機場高水平的無障礙設施不僅方便了行動不便群體的出行，同時結合安檢、值機等的特殊群體服務系統，以包容多樣的“通用設計”原則，體現了對殘障者的尊重，踐行了以人為本、服務旅客的理念。

18 登機橋剖面/Section of boarding bridge

19 登機橋通道立面/Boarding bridge interior elevation

Comments

LYU Xiaoquan: Accessible design for an airport can be regarded as a complicated systematic project. As a window for both the city and the country to present their accessibility of public buildings, this project has demonstrated its distinctive accessibility in various aspects including the passengers' arrivals & departures, their use of the accessible circulation, the signage and wayfinding system for accessibility and considerate accessible service. The over 100 accessible toilets in the terminal has become the highlight of the accessible design. By analysing the accessibility requirements, the architect has created convenient and relatively-perfect accessible facilities and a universal design for different users. Moreover, with the centralised employment of the airport by groups of disabled passengers during the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games, the accessible facilities will be adjusted accordingly and operated. (Translated by Dandan Wang)

SUN Liyang: The accessible design of Beijing Daxing International Airport puts forward solutions for the travel of people with limited mobility including disabled people and elderly people from perspectives including parking, access, public transportation, specific check channel, service facilities, boarding bridge, identification information, and manual service, systematically promoting the accessibility of Chinese airport to a new level.

Particularly, advanced equipment like "airport customized barrier-free elevator", "beveled baggage weigher", and "ostomate cleaner" are used for the first time in a Chinese airport, which can be a demonstration for other airports in the country. The high-level access facilities in Beijing Daxing International Airport not only make it convenient for the travel of people with limited mobility, but also show respect to disabled people and practice the idea of human-oriented and serving for passengers with the service systems for security check and checkin of special groups and the inclusive and diversified "universal design" principles. (Translated by QIAN Fang)