番木瓜實(shí)生苗兩性株的鑒定及其組培繁殖體系的建立

黎小瑛 謝旭智 沈文濤 言普 庹德財 周鵬

摘 ?要??本研究以多重PCR技術(shù)鑒定的番木瓜實(shí)生苗兩性株莖尖作為外植體，建立和優(yōu)化了一套組培苗繁殖體系，解決了成齡側(cè)芽來源的無根苗催根難和移栽成活率低的問題。以‘蔬羅‘蜜紅番木瓜品種的實(shí)生苗，通過多重PCR鑒定出兩性株，將其莖尖培養(yǎng)于MS+BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+蔗糖?30 g/L+瓊脂?6 g/L（pH?5.8）上，在28?℃、2000?lx條件培養(yǎng)30 d后，繼代于MS+BA 0.5 mg/L+KT 0.25 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+瓊脂6 g/L（pH?5.8）上，在28?℃、2000 lx條件下培養(yǎng)30 d形成較為強(qiáng)壯的無根苗，接種于1/2MS+IBA 0.75 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L+KT 0.01 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+瓊脂?6g/L（pH?5.8）上進(jìn)行催根，在28?℃、1500 lx條件下培養(yǎng)20 d后，用不同濃度營養(yǎng)生根水和不同處理時間對‘蔬羅‘蜜紅無根苗進(jìn)行移栽試驗(yàn)，以確定最佳催根率和移栽成活率的濃度和時間。研究結(jié)果表明：多重PCR技術(shù)鑒定性別的準(zhǔn)確率達(dá)98%以上，‘蔬羅在50 mg/L營養(yǎng)生根水和8 h處理?xiàng)l件下獲得催根率為81.1%、移栽成活率為91.1%。而‘蜜紅品種則催根率為60%、移栽成活率為86.7%。因此利用這一技術(shù)獲得的結(jié)果相比成齡側(cè)芽優(yōu)勢明顯，可用于番木瓜種苗的商業(yè)化生產(chǎn)。

關(guān)鍵詞 ?番木瓜;實(shí)生苗;性別鑒定;催根率;移栽成活率中圖分類號??S667.9??????文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼??A

Identification and Establishment of Tissue Propagation System of Hermaphroditic Strains of Papaya Seedling

LI Xiaoying¹， XIE Xuzhi¹， SHEN Wentao^1，2， YAN Pu^1，2， TUO Decai^1，2， ZHOU Peng^1，2*

1. Institute of Tropical Biotechnology and Bioscience， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences?/?Hainan Academy of Tropical Agriculture Resource， Haikou， Hainan 571101， China; 2. Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Haikou， Hainan 571101， China

Abstract ?In this study， the apical stem of the hermaphroditic strain of papaya seedlings identified by multiple PCR technique was used as the explants to establish and optimize a set of propagation system of papaya seedlings in tissue culture. The problem of rootless seedlings and low survival rate of transplanting were solved. In the experiment， the hermaphrodite plants were identified by multiple PCR and the stem tips were cultured on MS supplement with BA 0.5 mg/L， NAA 0.1 mg/L， sucrose 30 g/L， agar 6g/L （pH?5.8）， and cultured at 28?℃for 30 days. The rootless seedlings were formed and?subdivided into small clusters and planted on the strong seedling medium MS supplement with BA 0.5 mg/L， KT 0.25 mg/L， NAA 0.1 mg/L， sucrose 30 g/L， agar 6g/L （pH 5.8）， cultured at 28?℃and 2000 lx for 30 days. The rootless seedlings?were inoculated on the 1/2MS supplement with IBA 0.75 mg/L， NAA 0.05 mg/L， KT 0.01 mg/L， sucrose 30?g/L， agar 6?g/L （pH 5.8） medium. After being cultured at 28?℃and 1500 lx for 20 days. In order to obtain the best rooting rate and survival rate of transplanting， the rootless seedlings were tested with different concentrations of nutrient rooting water and different treatment time. The results showed that the accuracy of multiple PCR technique for sex identification was over 98%. Under the conditions of 50 mg/L nutrient rooting water and 8 h treatment， the rooting rate of ‘Solo was 81.1%， and the survival rate of transplanting was 91.1%. The rooting rate of ‘Mihong was 60% and the survival rate of transplanting was 86.7%. The results obtained by the technique are superior to those of mature lateral buds， and could be used in the commercial production of papaya seedlings.

Keywords ?papaya; seedling; sex identification; root-inducing rate; transplant survival rate

DOI10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2019.09.014

番木瓜（Carica papaya L.）屬番木瓜科番木瓜屬植物，為熱帶、南亞熱帶常綠軟木質(zhì)大型多年速生草本果樹，常規(guī)生產(chǎn)種植使用種子培育的實(shí)生苗，由于其種性復(fù)雜，一般分為雌株（占20%～30%）、兩性株（占60%～70%）和雄株（占3%～5%）。兩性株所結(jié)果實(shí)由于其果肉厚、果形美觀均一等特點(diǎn)具有商品價值。因此，利用種子培育實(shí)生苗應(yīng)用于實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中時，等株性明確后必須采取“除雄去雌補(bǔ)種兩性”的工序，這會造成財力、人力的浪費(fèi)，大大增加了生產(chǎn)成本。……