陳少婷 曹鵬駒 楊陽



[摘要] 目的 研究長鏈非編碼RNA(lncRNA)LINC00319在肺腺癌及其癌旁組織中的表達及臨床意義。 方法 從癌癥基因組圖譜(TCGA)數(shù)據(jù)庫下載516例肺腺癌組織(腫瘤組)與59例癌旁組織(癌旁對照組)RNAseq數(shù)據(jù)及對應(yīng)的肺腺癌患者臨床數(shù)據(jù),對數(shù)據(jù)中LINC00319基因表達進行分析處理。分析比較其表達與肺腺癌臨床病理特征的相關(guān)性及對預(yù)后的影響。通過COX風險比例模型評估肺腺癌患者預(yù)后的獨立危險因素。采用基因集富集分析(GSEA)方法預(yù)測LINC00319功能富集的分子通路。 結(jié)果 LINC00319在腫瘤組中的表達水平顯著高于癌旁對照組(P < 0.05),其表達水平與性別、年齡、N分期無關(guān)(P > 0.05),與吸煙、T分期、M分期以及Stage分期顯著相關(guān)(P < 0.05),生存分析顯示肺腺癌患者中高LINC00319表達水平預(yù)示預(yù)后差(P < 0.05)。多因素COX風險比例模型結(jié)果顯示,高表達水平、Ⅲ+Ⅳ及T3+T4是肺腺癌患者預(yù)后差的獨立危險因素(P < 0.05)。在GSEA分析中,發(fā)現(xiàn)LINC00319功能主要富集在細胞黏附、細胞因子相互作用、血管內(nèi)皮生長因子信號通路、細胞凋亡等通路中。 結(jié)論 LINC00319可能通過多種途徑促進肺腺癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展,進而影響肺腺癌患者的預(yù)后生存,因此,LINC00319可作為肺腺癌患者的預(yù)后標志物或潛在治療靶點。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 肺腺癌;癌癥基因組圖譜;長鏈非編碼RNA;LINC00319
[中圖分類號] R734.2? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2019)08(b)-0122-05
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00319 in lung adenocarcinoma and its adjacent tissues. Methods The RNAseq data of 516 cases of lung adenocarcinoma tissues (tumor group) and 59 cases of paracancer tissues (para-cancer control group) and the corresponding clinical data of lung adenocarcinoma patients were downloaded from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database, and the expression of LINC00319 gene in the data set was analyzed and processed. The correlation between its expression and the clinicopathological features of lung adenocarcinoma and its effect on prognosis were analyzed and compared. Independent risk factors for prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma were assessed by COX risk ratio model. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to predict the functional enrichment of LINC00319 molecular pathways. Results The expression level of LINC00319 in tumor group was significantly higher than that in the para-carcinoma control group (P < 0.05). The expression level had no correlation with gender, age and N-staging (P > 0.05), and significantly correlated with smoking, T-staging, M-staging and Stage grading (P < 0.05). Survival analysis showed that high LINC00319 expression predicted worse prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients (P < 0.05). The results of multiariable COX risk scale model showed that, high expression level, stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ and T3+T4 were independent risk factors for poor prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05). In GSEA analysis, it was found that LINC00319 mainly enriched in cell adhesion, cytokine interaction, vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway, apoptosis and other pathways. Conclusion LINC00319 may promote the occurrence and development of lung adenocarcinoma through various ways, thereby affecting the prognosis and survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Therefore, LINC00319 can be used as a prognostic marker or potential therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma patients.
[Key words] Lung adenoarinoma; Cancer genome atlas; Long noncoding RNA; LINC00319
肺癌是目前全球最常見的惡性腫瘤之一。男性肺癌新發(fā)病例及死亡率居所有惡性腫瘤第1位。女性肺癌新發(fā)病例居第3位,死亡率居第2位[1]。肺腺癌是具有腺樣分化或黏液分泌的惡性上皮腫瘤,目前已成為最常見的肺癌病理類型[2-3]。
長鏈非編碼RNA(lncRNA)是一類大于200個核苷酸的非編碼RNA鏈的總稱[4]。LncRNA通過調(diào)節(jié)靶基因轉(zhuǎn)錄因子、調(diào)控翻譯和剪切等機制,在細胞的生長發(fā)育,遷移、侵襲,凋亡中發(fā)揮作用[5-6]。在腫瘤中,lncRNA以內(nèi)源性RNA身份競爭miRNA的結(jié)合位點,起著癌基因或抑癌基因的作用[7]。越來越多的研究[8-9]發(fā)現(xiàn)lncRNA在多種腫瘤中發(fā)揮作用。He等[10]發(fā)現(xiàn)lncRNA AFAP1-AS1可以上調(diào)AFAP1促進肺腺癌細胞的遷移。Zhao等[11]發(fā)現(xiàn)lncRNA NSCLCAT1增加細胞的侵襲和遷移。
本研究通過癌癥基因組圖譜公共數(shù)據(jù)集(the cancer genome stlas,TCGA),研究LINC00319在肺腺癌中的表達及其相關(guān)病理特征的關(guān)系,為研究其在腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展中的作用機制提供參考。
1 材料與方法
1.1 組織樣本數(shù)據(jù)下載及預(yù)處理
利用TCGA(https://cancergenome.nih.gov/)搜索并下載肺腺癌表達譜數(shù)據(jù),排除缺失臨床參數(shù)和生存資料的病例后,獲得516例肺腺癌組織(腫瘤組)與59例癌旁組織(癌旁對照組)的RNAseq數(shù)據(jù)及對應(yīng)的肺腺癌患者臨床數(shù)據(jù)。預(yù)處理肺腺癌數(shù)據(jù)集lncRNA表達的RNAseqV2數(shù)據(jù)。
1.2 LINC00319表達與臨床病理特征和預(yù)后的關(guān)系
對數(shù)據(jù)集中LINC00319的表達進行由高到低排序,采用四分位法,選取75%為截斷值,將樣本分為高表達組(LINC00319≥6.1286)和低表達組(LINC00319<6.1286)。根據(jù)病床病理特征對數(shù)據(jù)進行分析比較。隨后利用Kaplan-Meier Plotter數(shù)據(jù)中的肺癌數(shù)據(jù)集進行在線分析(http://kmplot.com/analysis/)。
1.3 基因集富集分析(gene set enrichment analysis,GSEA)
通過對LINC00319的表達值進行K(K = 2)均值聚類,根據(jù)聚類結(jié)果將樣本分為低表達組和高表達組。利用GSEA的R語言版本進行富集分析,分析的通路來自于MsigDB數(shù)據(jù)庫中的c2.cp.kegg.v6.2.symbols.gmt數(shù)據(jù)集。采取的是GSEA中的加權(quán)富集分析方法,通過對樣本標擾動的方式進行隨機計算,隨機次數(shù)設(shè)置為1000次,計算P值。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學方法
采用SPSS 22.0軟件進行統(tǒng)計學分析,使用GraphPad Prism v6進行圖片繪制。LINC00319在肺腺癌及相應(yīng)癌旁組織中的表達水平比較采用非參數(shù)秩和檢驗,卡方檢驗用于評估其表達水平與臨床參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系。Kaplan-Meier曲線及Log Rank檢驗對不同LINC00319表達水平肺腺癌患者進行分析。COX風險比例模型用于評估肺癌患者的獨立危險預(yù)后因數(shù)。以P < 0.05為有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 LINC00319在腫瘤組與癌旁對照組中的表達量及其與肺腺癌臨床病理特征的相關(guān)性
與癌旁對照組比較,LINC00319表達水平在腫瘤組中明顯升高(P < 0.001)。見圖1。相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示,其表達水平與性別(P = 0.065)、年齡(P = 1.000)、N分期(P = 0.065)無關(guān),與吸煙(P = 0.045),T分期(P = 0.045)、M分期(P = 0.040)以及Stage分期(P = 0.002)有關(guān)。見表1。
2.2 LINC00319表達與肺腺癌患者預(yù)后關(guān)系
本研究利用TCGA進行生存預(yù)后分析,結(jié)果顯示:LINC00319表達水平與肺腺癌患者預(yù)后有顯著相關(guān)性(P = 0.005),表達越高,預(yù)后越差(圖2A)。同時,利用在線Kaplan-Meier曲線進行分析,其結(jié)果(P = 0.026)與TCGA分析一致(圖2B)。多因素COX風險比例模型結(jié)果顯示,高LINC00319表達水平(P = 0.043),Ⅲ+Ⅳ(P = 0.000)及T3+T4(P = 0.021)是肺腺癌患者預(yù)后差的獨立危險因素。見表2。
2.3 LINC00319功能基因集富集
GSEA分析結(jié)果顯示:LINC00319功能富集在細胞黏附(FDR = 0,見圖4A)、細胞因子相互作用(FDR = 0,見圖4B)、VEGF信號通路(FDR = 0.04,見圖4C)、細胞凋亡(FDR = 0.04,見圖4D)等通路中。
3 討論
肺癌是目前全球最常見的惡性腫瘤之一,肺腺癌作為肺癌最常見的病理類型,其發(fā)病機制需引起我們的關(guān)注。LncRNA表達與肺癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展存在密切關(guān)系。Wang等[12]發(fā)現(xiàn)LINC00968能夠抑制體外非小細胞肺癌的生長、遷移和侵襲。Hu等[13]認為lncRNA可用于預(yù)測鉑類治療在肺癌患者中的反應(yīng)和毒性。李雪萍等[14]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)過表達LOC90024可促進A549的生長、遷移和侵襲,提示其可能在肺癌中起癌基因的作用。Lu等[15]認為高表達LncRNA MEG3抑制非小細胞肺癌細胞增殖,引起細胞周期阻滯,抑制腫瘤生長。
LINC00319位于基因組21q22.3上,含有5個外顯子。Zhou等[16]發(fā)現(xiàn)LINC00319通過直接結(jié)合并下調(diào)miR-32來促進肺癌細胞的細胞增殖和侵襲。Du等[17]研究表明LINC00319通過抑制miR-423-5p上調(diào)NACC1表達來促進卵巢癌的進展。Song等[18]發(fā)現(xiàn)LINC00319在鼻咽癌中顯著增加,其過表達提示鼻咽癌患者預(yù)后不良。Li等[19]發(fā)現(xiàn)LINC00319通過miR-1207-5p介導的細胞周期蛋白依賴性激酶3的調(diào)節(jié)在皮膚鱗狀細胞癌中發(fā)揮致癌作用。Zhang等[20]發(fā)現(xiàn)LINC00319通過調(diào)節(jié)miR-450b-5p/EZH2信號途徑促進肺腺癌進展。目前,LINC00319在肺腺癌中的表達、對預(yù)后的影響等在我國未見相關(guān)報道。
本研究通過生物信息學分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)LINC00319在肺腺癌中的表達明顯高于對照組,其表達與性別、年齡、N分期無關(guān),與吸煙、T分期、M分期以及stage分期均存在關(guān)系,預(yù)后分析結(jié)果表明,其表達與肺腺癌患者預(yù)后存在顯著相關(guān)性,表達越高,預(yù)后越差。多因素COX邏輯回歸分析顯示,高LINC00319表達水平,Ⅲ/Ⅳ及T3/T4是肺腺癌患者預(yù)后差的獨立危險因素。在GSEA分析中,發(fā)現(xiàn)LINC00319功能富集在細胞黏附、細胞因子相互作用、VEGF信號通路、細胞凋亡等通路中,而這些通路均與腫瘤的轉(zhuǎn)移、侵襲密切相關(guān)。
綜上所述,LINC00319可能通過多種途徑促進肺腺癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展,進而影響肺腺癌患者的預(yù)后生存,因此,LINC00319可作為診斷肺腺癌的標志物或者潛在治療靶點。在未來工作中,我們將進一步收集臨床標本進行分析,為肺腺癌發(fā)生發(fā)展分子機制的研究探討奠定基礎(chǔ)。
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(收稿日期:2019-03-27? 本文編輯:封? ?華)