be-MINE：貝靈恩的后礦業設計，林堡省，比利時

杰倫·海斯曼斯 文/Text by Jeroen Huysmans

尚晉 譯/Translated by SHANG Jin

be-MINE 項目將比利時貝靈恩市原有的硬煤礦進行了再利用。其現有的保護建筑面積達10hm2，是佛蘭德地區工業遺產薈萃之地。這里的采煤業始于1922 年，鼎盛時期雇有6796 名礦工，1987 年關閉。時至今日，這里的特色是已被列為遺跡的高大雄偉的建筑：兩座礦坑、一座洗煤廠和發電廠。盡管每座建筑都面對著承載新功能的挑戰，但歷史的遺產為其增添了價值，并構成了be-MINE 項目獨一無二的賣點。

在煤礦關閉后，遺址衰敗了20 余年。除了志愿者（原先的煤礦工人）開辦的一座小博物館之外，遺址凄凄切切、與世隔絕，成為該地區后礦業復興失敗的象征。2009 年，發展商LRM 公司、Ciril公司、Van Roey 房地產公司通過一個PPP 項目發起行動，與貝靈恩市和林堡省緊密合作，啟動了這個復興項目。

今天，這些建筑和開放空間獲得了新的生命。原來40hm2的煤礦與貝靈恩的城市肌理通過舊工業建筑內外的居住區（5hm2）、購物區（1.8hm2，2016 年度購物區類獲獎項目，比利時盧森堡購物中心委員會）、學校及全天候多日娛樂區（5hm2）的均衡混合重新連接起來。該娛樂區包括一個室內跳水和攀巖中心、游泳池、山地車道、地方遺產體驗線路、旅游辦事處、冒險游樂場以及原先“廢料堆”上的地標建筑。后者是2016年世界最佳景觀項目（世界景觀建筑獎，WLA）。不久之后還會建造一座酒店及大量餐飲設施。2017 年，be-MINE 榮獲國際房地產職業人市場（MIPIM）“最佳城市再生項目”獎?？傄巹澯蒛AU Collectiv 負責；每個子項目都是設計競賽的一個主題，并由不同的建筑師實施。

be-MINE 項目為城市和地區帶來了多種益處。它有助于通過再利用保護工業遺產、為周邊地區帶來服務和基礎設施提升，并容納在ELA 三角區（埃因霍芬、魯汶和亞琛）中心的貝靈恩不斷增長的人口。be-MINE 項目將提供多達400 個新住宅單元，并創造了300 個工作崗位，未來預計總數將達到500 個崗位。be-MINE 項目顯著促進了城市的經濟結構調整——這座城市在礦業衰落之后，失業率曾長期高于佛蘭德地區的平均值，直到最近才有所改善。最后，很重要的一點是，該項目推動了正在發展中的地區娛樂經濟。林堡省擁有多個國家公園和一條連接7 座礦業遺址、人稱“運煤鐵道”的高質量自行車網絡——而be-MINE 項目是其中一顆閃亮的明珠。□

1 全景/Overall view（圖片來源/Sources: Easycopters）

2 鳥瞰/Aerial view（圖片來源/Sources: Easycopters）

3 設計轉型前/Before designing transformation

4 設計轉型意向/Designing transformation image（繪圖/Rendering: UAU Collectiv）

5-7 be-MINE的自行車活動/Cycling in be-MINE

The be-MINE project redevelops a former colliery of hard coal mining in the city of Beringen,Belgium. Containing 10hm2of existing listed floor surface, it is by far the biggest concentration of industrial heritage in Flanders. Mining started here in 1922, employed 6,796 miners in its heydays and closed down in 1987. Till today, the site is characterised by its monumental and majestic buildings listed as monuments: two pitheads, a coal washery and power plant. Even though each building constitutes a challenge to house new functions, the historic legacies add value and make-up the unique selling point of the be-MINE project.

After the colliery's closure, the site was falling apart for more than two decades. Besides a small museum ran by volunteers (former coal mining workers), the site was desolate and isolated, being a symbol for the failure of post-mining revitalisation in the region. In 2009, the developers LRM NV,Ciril NV, Van Roey Vastgoed NV, took initiative throughout a PPP-project in close cooperation with the city of Beringen and the Province of Limburg,and launched the project of revitalisation.

Today, the buildings and open spaces obtain new life. The 40hm2of the former colliery are reconnected to the urban fabric of Beringen through a balanced mix of residential developments (5hm2),a retail park (1.8hm2, winner 2016 of the category Retail Parks, Belgian Luxembourg Council of Retail and Shopping Centres), a school and a multiday all-weather leisure offer (5hm2), in and around the former industrial buildings. The latter consists of an indoor diving and climbing centre, a swimming pool, a mountain bike trail, a provincial heritage experience route, a tourism office, an adventurous play-scape and landmark on the former "terril".The latter was awarded as the best landscape project of the world in 2016 (the World Landscape Architecture Award, WLA). Soon, there will be also a hotel and extensive F&B facilities. In 2017, be-MINE has won the MIPIM (Le marché international des professionnels de l’immobilier ) award for the category of "best urban regeneration project". The head master planner are "UAU Collectiv"; every sub-project was topic of design competitions and realised by different architects.

The be-MINE project offer multiple benefits to the city and the region. It helps protecting the industrial heritage by re-developments, improves the services and infrastructure for the immediate surroundings and houses the growing population,which moves to Beringen as the middle of the ELA triangle (Eindhoven, Leuven, and Aachen).The be-MINE project will provide up to 400 new residential entities. Moreover, with 300 jobs realised and a total estimate of 500 jobs in the future, be-MINE significantly contributes to the economic restructuring of the city - a city, where after mining the unemployment rate were always higher than in the average of Flanders until recently. Finally yet importantly, the project contributes to the developing leisure economy of the region. The province of Limburg contains several natural parks and a high-quality cycling network connecting seven former mining sites as the so-called "Kolenspoor" -and be-MINE is a valuable part of that. □

8-10 be-MINE的娛樂設施/Entertainments in be-MINE（8.9圖片來源/Sources: Sportoase be-MINE Beringen，10圖片來源/Sources: TODI Diving Centre）

11 地圖/Map

12 室內攀巖中心/Indoor climbing centre（圖片來源/Sources:Alpamayo Climbing Centre）

項目信息/Credits and Data

開發公司/Development Company: Company Submitting the Entry be-MINE NV

開發商投資方/Developer-shareholders: LRM NV, Ciril NV,Van Roey Vastgoed NV

主要政府投資方 /Major Government Stakeholders: City of Beringen, Province of Limburg

建筑與總體規劃者/Architect-Masterplanner: UAU Collectiv

施工時間/Construction Date: 2009.01.01

項目交付時間/Project Delivery Date: 5年內/Less than 5 years

總建筑面積/Gross Floor Area: 118,000m2

用地面積/Land Area: 400,000m2

評論

賀龍：娛樂功能的注入，是成全be-MINE項目二次復興的關鍵因素。這種成功不僅僅表現在業態上的理性補充或者商業上的吸金亮點，更為可貴的是，娛樂功能的注入，徹底地激活了項目的空間魅力和景觀活力。娛樂項目在加強園區內建筑空間對話的同時，也完成了園區與北側土丘的景觀互動。這種功能與形式的默契，讓人很難猜想到當初的設計邏輯：到底是功能誘發了形式，還是形式喚醒了功能？

張杰：將廢礦坑轉變成別致的景觀已成為現代工業遺跡改造利用的典型模式之一，貝靈恩市老煤礦的改造可以說把這一做法推向了極致。這一改造項目不但將廢棄的礦場改造成了獨特的景觀，還利用地形巧妙地布置了多樣的娛樂功能，使工業廢地“景觀”呈現出極具活力的景象。如果說原始的“廢料場”容易成為警匪片的格斗地點的話，那么改造后的貝靈恩市老煤礦“廢料堆”則為都市的人們開辟了一個獨特的冒險游樂園。

Comments

HE Long: The introduction of the entertainment function serves as the critical factor for the revitalisation of the be-MINE project. Its success does not merely lie in the rational supplement to the industrial models or the profit it brings, but also thanks to the introduction of the entertainment function that helps to completely activate the glamour of the space and the vitality of the landscape (which is more valuable). While the entertainment strengthens the dialogue between the architectural space in the park, it completes the interaction between the park and the northern earth mound at the same time. The tacit understanding of the form and function renders the guess of the original design logic difficult: Whether the form was induced by the function, or did the form rouse the function? (Translated by Dandan Wang)

ZHANG Jie: The transformation of waste pit into unique landscape has become one of the paradigms of modern industrial relic reconstruction and utilisation, and be-MINE has arguably pushed this method to the extreme.This renovation project not only transforms the abandoned colliery into a unique landscape, but also makes use of the terrain cleverly by arranging a variety of entertainment functions, making the "landscape" of industrial waste land a very dynamic scene. If the former "scrapyard" is an easy fight spot for cop movies, the converted "scrapheap" at Beringen's colliery offers a unique adventure amusement park for city dwellers. (Translated by PANG Lingbo)

13 停車場/Parking

14 原“廢料堆”上的地標建筑/Landmark on the former"terril"（攝影/Photo: Jonathan Vaes）