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青少年抑郁情緒與心理彈性、家庭環境因素的關聯

2019-09-07 07:55:51從恩朝蔡亦蘊陳海瑩吳彥
中國醫藥導報 2019年17期

從恩朝 蔡亦蘊 陳海瑩  吳彥

[摘要] 目的 探討青少年抑郁情緒與家庭環境因素、心理彈性之間的關系。 方法 采用整群抽樣法,選取2014年12月~2016年7月河南省新鄉市3230名初高中生進行一般社會資料問卷、Kutcher青少年抑郁量表(11項)、家庭環境量表中文版(FES-CV)、中文版心理彈性量表(CD-RISC)評估。測評后,比較不同性別、年齡等的抑郁情緒差異;比較有抑郁情緒組與無抑郁情緒組CD-RISC評分、心理彈性的差異;對差異有統計學意義的因子進一步采用二分類Logistic回歸分析研究心理彈性、家庭環境因素與青少年抑郁的關聯。 結果 有效問卷為2960份,有抑郁情緒者659名(22.7%),其中男221名(20.0%),女483名(24.3%);母親外出工作的家庭中有107名青少年(28.3%)有抑郁情緒,明顯高于父親外出的家庭(24.2%)。有抑郁情緒組與無抑郁情緒組的心理彈性(Z = -12.032)、忍受消極情感(Z = -9.677)、面對困難的能力(Z = -12.860)、接受變化(Z = -11.025)和控制方面(Z = -11.514)比較,差異均有統計學意義(P < 0.05),且有抑郁情緒組明顯低于無抑郁情緒組(P < 0.05)。心理彈性(OR:0.967,95%CI:0.961~0.973)、控制力(OR:0.671,95%CI:0.604~0.745)、接受變化能力(OR:0.725,95%CI:0.659~0.796)、面對困難的能力(OR:0.720,95%CI:0.667~0.778)、忍受消極情緒(OR:0.804,95%CI:0.734~0.880)分值低,會增加抑郁癥的危險。控制年齡和性別因素后,情感表達(OR:0.928,95%CI:0.869~0.990)、組織性(OR:0.886,95%CI:0.833~0.942)、娛樂性(OR:0.932,95%CI:0.887~0.980)、親密度(OR:0.839,95%CI:0.788~0.839)越低,抑郁情緒明顯;獨立性(OR:1.075, 95%CI:1.010~1.114)和控制性分值(OR:1.143,95%CI:1.081~1.208)越高,抑郁情緒越明顯。 結論 青少年抑郁情緒與心理彈性如忍受消極情緒和接受變化低有明顯關聯。情感表達低,家庭親密度低是青少年抑郁的風險因素。控制性增高增加了抑郁情緒風險。

[關鍵詞] 青少年抑郁癥;消極觀念;家庭親密度;心理彈性

[中圖分類號] R749.4? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2019)06(b)-0031-04

Association between adolescents′ depressive mood with resilience and family environment factors

CONG Enzhao? ?CAI Yiyun? ?CHEN Haiying? ?WU Yan

Department of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai? ?200030, China

[Abstracts] Objective To explore the relationship between adolescent depressive and family environment factors and mental resilience. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select 3230 junior high school students from Xinxiang City, He′nan Province from December 2014 to July 2016 for general social data questionnaire, Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (11 items), and Family Environment Scale Chinese version (FES-CV), Chinese version of the Mental Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) assessment. After the evaluation, the differences in depression and emotions of different genders and ages were compared. The differences of CD-RISC scores and psychological elasticity between the depression group and the non-depression group were compared. Factors with statistically significant differerces were further analyzed by binary Logistic regression to study the relationship between resilient family environment factors and adolescent depression. Results There were 2 960 valid questionnaires, 659 (22.7%) with depression, including 221 males (20.0%) and 483 females (24.3%). 107 adolescents (28.3%) with mothers working out had depression, which was significantly higher than those with fathers (24.2%). There were significant differences in resilience (Z = 12.032), tolerance of negative emotions (Z = 9.677), ability to face difficulties (Z = 12.860), acceptance of changes (Z = 11.025) and control (Z = 11.514) between the depressive group and the non-depressive group (P < 0.05), and the depressive group was significantly lower than the non-depressive group (P < 0.05). Low scores of resilience (OR: 0.967, 95%CI: 0.961-0.973), control (OR: 0.671, 95%CI: 0.604-0.745), acceptance of change (OR: 0.725, 95%CI: 0.659-0.796), ability to face difficulties (OR: 0.720, 95%CI: 0.667-0.778), tolerance of negative emotions (OR: 0.804, 95%CI: 0.734-0.880) increase the risk of depression. After controlling for age and gender factors, the lower the emotional expression (OR: 0.928, 95%CI: 0.869-0.990), organization (OR: 0.886, 95%CI: 0.833-0.942), and entertainment (OR: 0.932, 95%CI: 0.887-0.980), intimacy (OR: 0.839, 95%CI: 0.788-0.839), the depression was more obvious; the higher the scores of independence (OR: 1.075, 95%CI: 1.010-1.114) and control (OR: 1.143, 95%CI: 1.081-1.208), the more obvious depression. Conclusion There is a significant correlation between adolescent depression and resilience, such as low tolerance of negative emotions and low acceptance changes. Low emotional expression and family intimacy are risk factors for depression in adolescents. Controlled increases increase increases the risk of depression.

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