張莉 邱艷

[摘要] 隱匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染(OBI)指用高靈敏度的核酸檢測可在HBsAg陰性感染者肝組織中檢測到HBV DNA。本文介紹了OBI形成的基因分子機制:s、p、x和c基因的開放閱讀框突變、起始密碼子和終止密碼子突變;基因調控序列突變影響轉錄過程及轉錄后調控;表觀遺傳調控。目前OBI個體HBV復制、基因表達過程中的表觀遺傳調控研究尚處于起步階段,研究前景廣闊。此外,本文對歐洲、南非、東南亞以及中國獻血者OBI形成的基因分子生物學機制進行了梳理和匯總。
[關鍵詞] 隱匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染;乙肝表面抗原;乙肝表面抗體;基因分子機制;表觀遺傳調控;獻血者
[中圖分類號] R575.1? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2019)06(b)-0023-05
Advance of molecular mechanism of occult hepatitis B virus
ZHANG Li? ?QIU Yan
Beijing Red Cross Blood Center, Beijing? ?100088, China
[Abstract] Occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) means that HBV DNA can be detected in liver tissues of HBsAg negative infected people with highly sensitive nucleic acid detection. This paper introduces the gene molecular mechanism of OBI formation: open reading frame mutation, initiation codon and termination codon mutations of s, p, x and c genes; effect of mutations of gene regulatory sequences on transcriptional processes and post-transcriptional regulation; epigenetic regulation. At present, the studies on epigenetic regulation during the process of HBV replication and gene expression in OBI individuals are still in its infancy, with broad research prospect. In addition, this paper summarizes the gene molecular mechanisms of OBI formation in blood donors of Europe, South Africa, Southeast Asia and China.
[Key words] Occult hepatitis B virus infection; Hepatitis B surface antigen; Hepatitis B surface antibody; Gene molecular mechanisms; Epigenetic regulation; Blood donors
隱匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染(occult HBV infection,OBI)指現(xiàn)有血清學技術檢測HBV感染者乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)陰性,用高靈敏度的核酸檢測方法在血清和/或肝組織中可檢測到HBV DNA。早期研究認為OBI形成可能的原因有:①e抗原血清學轉換后,在長期的病毒無復制期檢測不到HBsAg;②由于HBV基因發(fā)生變異,導致HBsAg無法合成或無法通過血清學檢測方法檢測;③其他病毒(HDV、HCV)合并感染干擾HBV的復制[1]。本文在基因水平簡述OBI形成的分子機制。
1 HBV基因組的基本構成
HBV基因組DNA是長約3.2 kb的環(huán)狀、部分雙螺旋結構,包含編碼包膜蛋白(S)、核殼(C)、聚合酶(P)及X蛋白的4個高度重疊的開放閱讀框(open reading frame,ORF)。見圖1。s基因上游的前-s1、前-s2和c基因上游的前c基因可通讀翻譯S1、S2蛋白和C蛋白相關抗原。調控基因組復制和轉錄的調控序列位于編碼基因內部,啟動子(promoter)序列尚不清楚,增強子(enhancer,ENH)位于p基因中;polyA附加信號位于c基因ORF中。……