情態(tài)動詞是中考最重要的考點(diǎn)之一,考試重點(diǎn)我們會分期講述。
情態(tài)動詞有四類:
①只做情態(tài)動詞:must,can(could),may(might),ought to
②可做情態(tài)動詞又可做實(shí)義動詞:need,dare
③可做情態(tài)動詞又可做助動詞:shall(should),will(would)
④具有情態(tài)動詞特征:have(had) to,used to
情態(tài)動詞在句中放在謂語動詞之前,謂語動詞前若有助動詞,則在助動詞之前,疑問句中,情態(tài)動詞則在主語之前。
I can see you. Come here.
我能看見你,過來吧。
He must have been away.
他一定走了。
What can I do for you?
你要什么?
How dare you treat us like that!
你怎能那樣對待我們!
Can 和Could的用法
1. 表示能力或客觀可能性,還可以表示請求和允許。如:
Can you finish this work tonight?
Man cannot live without air.
— Can I go now? — Yes, you can.
注意:①could也可表示請求,語氣委婉,主要用于疑問句,不可用于肯定句,答語應(yīng)用can(即could不能用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的簡略答語中)。如:
Could I come to see you tomorrow?
Yes, you can. (否定答語可用No, Im afraid not.)
②can表示能力時(shí),還可用be able to代替。如:
Ill not be able to come this afternoon.
2. 表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度。(主要用在否定句、疑問句或驚嘆句中)
Can this be true?
How can you be so careless!
This cannot be done by him.
3. “can(could) + have + 過去分詞”的疑問或否定形式表示對過去發(fā)生的行為懷疑或不肯定。如:
He cannot have been to that town.
Can he have got the book?
4. 用在疑問句及否定句中,表示驚訝,不相信等.
5. cannot…too\enough表示“無論怎樣…也不過分”,“越…越好”
中考必備英語語法之May和Might的用法
1. 表示許可。
表示請求、允許時(shí),might比may的語氣更委婉一些,否定回答時(shí)要用mustnt表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意。如:
You may drive the car.
— Might I use your pen? — No, you mustnt.
用May I…征詢對方許可在文體上比較正式,在口氣上比較客氣。在日常口語中,用Can I…征詢對方意見在現(xiàn)代口語中更為常見。
2. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如:
May you succeed!
3. 表示推測、可能(疑問句不能用于此意)。
He may be very busy now.
4. “may(might) + have + 過去分詞”表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的推測。如:
He may not have finished the work.
must和have to的用法
1. 表示必須、必要。(must表示主觀多一些而have to則表示客觀多一些)如:
You must come in time.
回答must引出的問句時(shí),如果是否定的回答,不能用mustnt,而要用neednt或dont have to。
— Must we hand in our exercise books today?
— Yes, you must. (No, you dont have to.)
2. “must be + 表語”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示推測,它的否定或疑問式用can代替must。
This must be your pen.
3. “must + have + 過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)常用在肯定句中,表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的推測。它的否定或疑問式用can代替must。
He must have been to Shanghai.
4. have to的含義與must相似,兩者往往可以互換使用,但have to有各種形式,隨have的變化而定。must與have to有下列幾點(diǎn)不同:
① must表示的是說話人的主觀看法,而have to則往往強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。如:
The play is not interesting. I really must go now.
I had to work when I was your age.
② must一般只表現(xiàn)在,have則有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式。
③ 二者的否定意義不大相同。如:
You mustnt go. 你可不要去。
You dont have to go. 你不必去。
④ 詢問對方的意愿時(shí)應(yīng)用must。如:
Must I clean all the room?
可憐的人
“Oh, my poor man,”exclaimed the kind old lady, “It must be dreadful to be lame. But it would be much worse if you were blind.”
“Youre absolutely right,” said the beggar, obviously an old hand at the game.“When I was blind, people kept giving me foreign coins.”
“啊,可憐的人,”善良的老婦人驚嘆道。“腳瘸就夠慘的了,要是眼瞎就更糟了。”
“你說的一點(diǎn)兒沒錯(cuò),”那乞丐說。他顯然是乞討老手。“我眼瞎的時(shí)候,人們老是給我外幣。”
救出哪幅畫
A newspaper organized a contest for the best answer to the question: “If a fire broke out in the Louvre, and if you could only save one painting, which one would you carry out?”
The winning reply was: “The one nearest the exit.”
一份報(bào)紙組織了一場競賽,為下面的問題征集最佳答案:“如果盧浮宮起了火,而你只能救出一幅畫,你將救出哪一幅?”
獲獎的答案是:“最接近門口的那一幅。”