田暢 王洋

摘要 以玉米為研究對象,采用大田(大區對比)試驗,通過分析3種行向(南北向、東西向、南偏西20°)和2種行距(65 cm+65 cm、160 cm+40 cm)對玉米生長狀況的影響,揭示其生理生態機制,篩選出最有利于玉米生長的田間配置方式。結果顯示,160 cm+40 cm有效延長了中上部葉片持綠期,增強玉米抗倒伏能力,延緩玉米開花后葉面積衰減速度。南偏西20°可以維持玉米上部葉片較高的SPAD值,延長玉米葉片持綠期,有效增加葉面積、葉面積指數及玉米開花后穗位葉的比葉重。南偏西20°、160 cm+40 cm有利于延長穗位葉持綠期。綜上,南偏西20°、160 cm+40 cm有利于延長穗位葉持綠期,提高玉米產量效果最為明顯。
關鍵詞 行向;行距;玉米;生長狀況
中圖分類號 S 513 ?文獻標識碼 A
文章編號 0517-6611(2019)12-0044-04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2019.12.013
開放科學(資源服務)標識碼(OSID):
Abstract With maize as the research object,field test (regional contrast) was adopted to analyze three row orientations (south-north,east-west,southwestern 20°) and two row spacings(65 cm+65 cm,160 cm+40 cm).To find out the most suitable field configuration for maize growth,we investigated the effects of row orientation and planting pattern on growth of maize,as well as physiological and ecological mechanism.Results showed that 160 cm+ 40 cm effectively extended the growth period in the upper and middle leaves of maize,enhanced the lodging resistance of maize and delayed the decay rate of leaf area after flowering.Southwestern 20° could maintain higher SPAD values in the upper leaves and extend the green period of leaves,effectively increased the leaf area,leaf area index and specific leaf weight of ear leaf after flowering in maize.Southwestern 20° and 160 cm+40 cm was conducive to prolonging the green period and photosynthesis time of ear leaf.In summary,southwestern 20° and 160 cm+ 40 cm was favorable for prolonging the photosynthesis time of ear leaf and increasing maize yield.
Key words Row orientation;Row spacing;Maize;Growth status
適宜的種植方式可有效延長葉片持綠期,達到增產的效果[1]。改變行向和種植模式能夠優化冠層結構,改善玉米冠層光照條件,從而提高玉米產量。高亞男等[2]認為采用70、50 cm行距種植玉米較65、60 cm在生育后期具有更大的光合生產潛力,有利于高產。王洋等[3]認為,南偏西20°的寬窄行種植方式下,生育后期玉米穗位葉的SPAD值、非結構性碳水化合物含量、SOD酶活性和POD酶活性高于常規均勻壟種植方式,而脯氨酸含量則相反。宋偉[4]認為適當增大行距能有效提高植物體 SOD、POD、CAT活性,維持活性氧代謝平衡,降低植物體MDA的含量,緩解細胞膜脂過氧化,防止過早衰老,保證莢果產量。
目前,國內外許多學者主要研究了行向和行距對于玉米生育后期葉片環境條件以及光合生理的影響,而對玉米各生育期內生長狀況的影響還鮮見報道。……