倒天河水庫和碧陽湖夏秋輪蟲群落結構特征及水質評價

龔勛 封圓圓 趙海濤

摘要 [目的]對倒天河水庫和碧陽湖2種不同水體（水庫和人工湖）夏秋兩季的輪蟲群落組成及水質進行調查與評價。[方法]利用Margalef豐富度指數（D）、Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數（H′）和 Pielou均勻度指數（J），并結合富營養化評價指數（QB/T）對水質進行評價。[結果]檢測到輪蟲23種，隸屬于10個屬，其中優勢屬為臂尾輪蟲屬和龜甲輪蟲屬。夏秋季倒天河水庫均屬于中營養型，夏季倒天河水庫的水質屬于重污染，秋季倒天河水庫的水質為中污染;夏秋季碧陽湖上段和中段屬于寡營養或中營養型，而夏季碧陽湖下段則屬于富營養型，夏秋季碧陽湖上段和中段處于中度或輕度污染狀況，秋季碧陽湖下段處在重污染狀況。[結論]依據輪蟲群落結構特征來評價水質狀況可作為水庫和人工湖泊一個較為理想的檢測指標。

關鍵詞 輪蟲;群落結構;富營養化;水質評價;倒天河水庫;碧陽湖

中圖分類號 Q 89 ?文獻標識碼 A

文章編號 0517-6611（2019）12-0104-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2019.12.028

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Abstract [Objective] The rotifer community composition and water quality of two different water bodies （reservoirs and artificial lakes） in the Daotianhe Reservoir and Biyang Lake were investigated and evaluated.[Method] The Margalef richness index （D），Shannon-Wiener index （H′） and Pielou uniformity index （J） were used to evaluate the water quality by combining the eutrophication evaluation index （QB/T）.[Results] Twentythree species of rotifers were detected，belonging to 10 genera，and the dominant genus were Brachionus and Tortoise.The Daotianhe Reservoir in summer and autumn belongs to the middle nutrient type.The water quality of the Daotianhe Reservoir in summer was heavily polluted.The water quality of the Daotianhe Reservoir in the autumn was moderate pollution;the upper and middle sections of the Biyang Lake in summer and autumn belong to the oligotrophic or medium nutrient type，while the lower part of Biyang Lake in summer belongs to the eutrophic type.The upper and middle sections of Biyang Lake in the summer and autumn were in moderate or mild pollution，and the lower part of Biyang Lake in autumn was in heavy pollution.[Conclusion] The evaluation of water quality based on the structural characteristics of rotifer community can be used as an ideal detection index for reservoirs and artificial lakes.

Key words Rotifer;Community structure;Eutrophication;Water quality assessment;Daotianhe Reservoir;Biyang Lake

倒天河位于貴州畢節市七星關區西北角（105°15′02″～105°15′48″E，27°18′35″～27°19′31″N），匯流區域地跨野角、水箐、長春堡、大新橋4個鄉鎮（辦事處），面積約123.44 km2，是畢節市區最主要的集中式飲用水源地[1]。碧陽湖位于畢節市的南部新區（105°30′70″E、27°28′06″N），介于貴畢路新行署與流倉橋之間，碧陽湖是人工湖，面積約20 hm2[2]。輪蟲是淡水浮游動物的主要組成部分之一，由于其個體較小、發育時間短，分布廣泛，生產量高及對環境反應靈敏，能迅速地反映水體環境的變化，被認為是重要的環境指示生物[3-5]。研究表明……