陳以相 楊俊華 唐李軍

摘要 [目的]為了篩選適合云南省德宏州南亞熱帶氣候種植的優質小麥品種。[方法]利用灰色關聯分析法對2017—2018年度德宏州區域試驗中的16個小麥品種進行綜合評價。[結果]不同小麥品種的灰色關聯度從大到小依次為德麥10號、德麥9號、云麥53、滇麥7號、云麥68、滇麥4號、云麥56、云麥57、云雜12號、保麥3號、彌136-7、宜麥2013-34、易2011-1、云麥106、云麥69、云麥64。[結論]德麥9號、德麥10號、云麥53品種表現突出,適應性好,適合大面積推廣種植。滇麥4號、云麥68、滇麥7號在株高、抗病性、抗倒伏方面優于其他品種,產量水平中等,適宜用作育種材料。其他10個參試品種抗病性差、產量低,不適宜在生產上應用。
關鍵詞 小麥;品種篩選;生態適應性;灰色關聯度分析法
中圖分類號 S 512.1 ?文獻標識碼 A
文章編號 0517-6611(2019)12-0035-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2019.12.010
開放科學(資源服務)標識碼(OSID):
Abstract [Objective] To select highquality wheat varieties suitable for planting in the south subtropical climates of Dehong Prefecture of Yunnan Province. [Method] The wheat of 16 new varieties in the Dehong Prefecture regional tests during 2017-2018 were comprehensively evaluated by using grey relational degree analysis. [Result] The order of grey relational degree of different wheat varieties was in the order of Demai 10, Demai 9, Yunmai 53, Dianmai 7, Yunmai 68, Dianmai 4, Yunmai 56, Yunmai 57, Yunza 12, Baomai 3, Mi1367, Yimai 201334, Yi 20111, Yunmai 106, Yunmai 69, Yunmai 64. [Conclusion] The comprehensive performances of Demai 9, Demai 10 and Yunmai 53 are the best, and had good adaptability, which are suitable for planting in large areas. The plant height, disease and lodging resistant of Dianmai 4, Dianmai 7, Yunmai 68 are superior to other varieties and have medium productivity, they are recommended as breeding materials. The other 10 varieties with poor disease resistance and low yield are not recommended to be used in production.
Key words Wheat;Variety selection;Ecological adaptability;Grey relational degree analysis
德宏是典型的農業州,地處云南西部(97°31′~98°43′E,23°50′~25°50′N),屬橫斷山脈區的低緯度高原,全州境內海拔最高點3 404.6 m,最低點210 m,高差3 194.6 m,屬南亞熱帶氣候,光照充足,雨量充沛,冬春季節氣溫高,干濕季明顯,雨熱同季,適宜多種作物的生長[1]。小麥是德宏傳統的冬春糧食作物,在農業增產、農民增收和糧食安全等方面具有十分重要的作用。由于德宏地處南亞熱區,小麥生長期間氣溫高、晝夜溫差大、降雨量相對較少,容易導致小麥品種抗性和適應性退化,影響種植效益。依據熱區氣候特點和小麥生產條件,有待加強小麥新品種生態適應性研究。
生態適應性研究是小麥育種的目標性狀之一。小麥生態適應性指其生物學特性與環境的吻合程度,是作物與環境相互作用下系統發育的結果[2]。……