不同人群對腦死亡認識及立法可行性調查報告

王霖婧 郟將希 王璐璐 宋漢君 曾詩嘉

摘要：目的? 了解不同人群對腦死亡以及進行腦死亡立法可行性的認識情況。方法? 2017年9月～2018年8月對30000名不同年齡、不同學歷人群進行腦死亡認識及立法的可行性問卷調查，并對調查結果進行分析。結果? 30000名接受調查的志愿者中，接受腦死亡概念者24567名（81.89%），不能接受腦死亡概念者5433名（18.11%）;調查對象隨年齡增長，接受腦死亡概念的比例下降;將接受腦死亡概念的24567名志愿者按年齡分組，不同年齡段志愿者對腦死亡立法的觀點比較，差異有統計學意義（P<0.05）;調查對象文化程度越高，接受腦死亡概念的比例也越高;將接受腦死亡概念的24567名志愿者按文化程度分組，文化程度越高，接受腦死亡立法觀點的比率也越高。結論? 提升人們尤其是中老年和文化程度較低人群對腦死亡概念及相關知識的認識水平，對于推進腦死亡立法具有積極意義。

關鍵詞：腦死亡;立法;醫學倫理;器官移植

中圖分類號：R741? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼：A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2019.10.044

文章編號：1006-1959（2019）10-0133-03

Abstract：Objective? To understand the understanding of the feasibility of brain death and brain death legislation in different populations.Methods? ? From September 2017 to August 2018， a questionnaire survey on the brain death awareness and legislation was conducted for 30，000 people of different ages and educations， and the results were analyzed.Results? Among the 30，000 volunteers who were surveyed， 24，567 （81.89%） were conceptually involved in brain death， and 5，433 （18.11%） were not able to accept the concept of brain death. The proportion of patients who accepted the concept of brain death decreased with age; the concept of brain death will be accepted. The 24，567 volunteers were grouped by age. The differences in the views on brain death legislation among different age groups were statistically significant （P<0.05）. The higher the educational level of the respondents， the higher the proportion of the concept of brain death; The 24，567 volunteers in the concept of brain death were grouped according to their level of education. The higher the level of education， the higher the rate of acceptance of brain death legislation.Conclusion? ? Improving the level of understanding of brain death concepts and related knowledge among people， especially middle-aged and low-educated people， is of positive significance for advancing brain death legislation.

Key words：Brain death;Legislation;Medical ethics;Organ transplantation

腦死亡（brain death）是指包括腦干、間腦、大腦發生永久性不可逆功能喪失以及患者出現自主呼吸功能的不可逆喪失[1]。“腦死亡”概念于1959年由英國學者首次提出，1986年我國學者開始在學術層面進行討論，經歷了數十年的發展，腦死亡立法多次被提案卻始終沒有通過[2]。近年來，國內越來越多的學者提出或支持腦死亡立法的觀點。本次調查對30000名不同年齡、不同學歷人群進行腦死亡概念認知及進行腦死亡立法可行性進行分析，現匯報如下。