用于農林偵察的太陽能無人機設計

王鵬 王子玖 蔣金陽 田夢嬌 柳明

摘? 要：目前全球能源短缺、環境污染和溫室效應等問題越來越嚴重，大規模的開發新清潔能源將是未來發展趨勢，太陽能的利用轉換對于飛行器供能方式多樣化的研究具有重要意義，無人機偵察與監測無疑對黃河三角洲農林的偵察問題更加簡時省力，操作簡單、速度快、效率高，而太陽能飛機和固定翼飛機擁有其他無人機不可比擬的優點。通過大展弦比的設計，自主設計針對黃河三角洲地區的機型并不斷改進飛機載重、機翼結構及總體布局，以減低誘導阻力，使機翼受到翼尖渦流小;創新性地增大太陽能板鋪設面積;出于配平和提供安放電池板的空間考慮，設計機頭比較長;降低雷諾數，提高螺旋槳的效率;利用太陽能轉換鋰電池供電，增加航時航高，以實現太陽能無人機的應用;基于遙感和圖傳系統，通過航線規劃設計，可以長時間地進行數據傳輸和圖像采集，實時對黃河三角洲農林出現的生態環境污染和土地鹽堿化等問題進行長時間、有針對性的偵察和監測，并且可以靈活執行多種任務，將具有廣闊前景和應用范圍。

關鍵詞：太陽能轉換;大展弦比;農林偵察;黃河三角洲地區;鋪設面積;低雷諾數

中圖分類號：V221? ? ? ? ? 文獻標志碼：A? ? ? ? ?文章編號：2095-2945（2019）07-0008-05

Abstract： At present， the global energy shortage， environmental pollution and greenhouse effect and other problems are becoming more and more serious. The large-scale development of new clean energy will be the future development trend. the utilization and conversion of solar energy is of great significance to the study of the diversification of aircraft energy supply methods. There is no doubt that UAV detection and monitoring of agriculture and forestry reconnaissance in the Yellow River Delta is more time-saving and labor-saving， simple operation， high speed and high efficiency， while solar aircraft and fixed-wing aircraft have incomparable advantages over other UAVs. Through the design of large aspect ratio， the aircraft in the Yellow River Delta region is designed independently and the load， wing structure and overall layout of the aircraft are continuously improved in order to reduce the induced drag and reduce the vortex at the wing tip. Creatively increase the laying area of solar panels; in order to balance and provide the space for placing panels， the design nose is longer; the Reynolds number is reduced and the efficiency of the propeller is improved; the solar energy is used to convert lithium battery power supply to increase the altitude during navigation. Based on remote sensing and graphic transmission system， data transmission and image acquisition can be carried out for a long time through route planning and design. In real time， the ecological environment pollution and land salinization in the Yellow River Delta will be investigated and monitored for a long time， and a variety of tasks can be carried out flexibly， which will have broad prospects and application scope.

Keywords： solar energy conversion; large aspect ratio; agroforestry reconnaissance; Yellow River Delta region; laying area; low Reynolds number

1 概述

1.1 背景