?unless、as soon as與so...that...

北京 楊 嵐

unless、as soon as和so...that...都是連詞，它們各自都可以用來引導不同的狀語從句。

◎用法梳理

◆unless從句

unless意為“除非；如果不”，引導條件狀語從句。unless引導的條件狀語從句表示否定意義，相當于if引導的條件狀語從句的否定形式，即“if...not...”。 例如：

We will go on a picnic this weekend unless it rains.=If it doesn't rain，we will go on a picnic this weekend.如果這個周末不下雨，我們將會去野餐。

Unless he allows me to leave，I can't leave here.如果他不允許我離開，我不能離開這里。

◆as soon as從句

as soon as意為“一……就……”，用來引導時間狀語從句，表示主句動作緊接著從句動作發生。例如：

Mary turned on the TV as soon as she got home.瑪麗一到家就打開了電視。

They will start as soon as Robert arrives.羅伯特一到他們就動身。

【知識拓展】

1.通常情況下，在含有unless或as soon as的復合句中，如果主句用一般將來時或主句的謂語部分含有情態動詞，它們引導的從句常用一般現在時。

2.在復合句中，unless或as soon as引導的狀語從句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。當從句位于主句之前時，常用逗號將其與主句隔開。

◆so...that...從句

so...that...意為“如此……以至于……”，用來引導結果狀語從句。常見結構為“so+形容詞/副詞+that從句”和“so+形容詞+a/an+單數可數名詞+that從句”。例如：

He was so excited that he couldn't say a word.他如此興奮以至于一句話也說不出來了。

Helensangsowell that everybody cheered her.海倫唱得如此好，以至于每個人都為她喝彩。

It is so interesting a book that I want to read it again.這本書如此有趣，以至于我還想再讀一遍。

【知識拓展】

1.so...that...有時可與too...to...和...enough to...結構進行轉換，通常分為下面兩種情況：

（1）如果that引導的從句是否定句，且主句和從句的主語相同，那么so...that...可轉換為too...to...結構；如果從句和主句的主語不同，so...that...則可轉換為too...for sb.to...結構。例如：

He is so young that he can't do it.→

He is too young to do it.

Tom spoke so fast that we could hardly follow him.→

Tom spoke too fast for us to follow.

（2）如果that引導的從句是肯定句，且主句和從句的主語相同，那么so...that...可轉換為...enough to...結構；如果從句和主句的主語不同，so...that...則可轉換為...enough for sb.to...結構。例如：

Her brother is so strong that he can move the heavy box.→

Her brother is strong enough to move the heavy box.

The problem is so easy that all the students can work it out.→

The problem is easy enough for all the students to work it out.

2.such...that...也意為“如此……以至于……”，用來引導結果狀語從句。常用結構有 “such+a/an+形容詞+單數可數名詞+that從句”和“such+形容詞+復數可數名詞/不可數名詞+that從句”。例如：

It is such an interesting movie that I have seen it three times.這部電影如此有趣，以至于我看了三遍。

It was such fine weather yesterday that we went boating.昨天天氣很好，我們便去劃船了。

【溫馨提示】當名詞前的形容詞是many、much、few、little時，such要改為so， 即 “so+many/much/few/little+名詞+that從句”。例如：

There was so much work to do that everybody got bored.有這么多的工作要做，人人都感到厭煩了。

3.so that意為“以便……；為了……”，用來引導目的狀語從句，從句中常含有can、may等情態動詞。so that還可以表示“因此；所以”，用來引導結果狀語從句，在so that前可以使用逗號。例如：

Jim studies hard so that he can go to a good senior school.吉姆努力學習以便能考上好的高中。

Yesterday morning he got up early，so that he caught the first bus.昨天早晨他起得很早，因此他趕上了早班車。

◎中考鏈接

1.In summer，food will go bad quickly_______we put it into a fridge.

【2018·蘭州中考題】

A.ifB.unless

C.as soon asD.while

【答案與解析】B句意：在夏天，我們要把食物放進冰箱，否則食物很快就會壞。根據常識可知，在夏天要想食物不變壞，就要把它放進冰箱里。unless相當于if...not...，用來引導條件狀語從句。故選B項。

2.Shestoppedtalking_________her mother came into the room.

【2018·宜賓中考題】

A.as soon as

B.unless

C.though

【答案與解析】A句意：她的母親一進房間，她就停止了談話。根據句意可知此處要用表示“一……就……”的as soon as引導時間狀語從句。故選A項。

3.—What a mess！The sharing bikes are thrown everywhere.

—Let's collect and put them in the right place_______they can be used conveni-ently.

【2018·東營中考題】

A.unlessB.so that

C.becauseD.so long as

【答案與解析】B句意：——真是一團糟！共享單車被丟得到處都是。——讓我們把它們收集起來放在合適的地方，這樣就可以被方便地使用了。根據句意可知，此處應用表示“以便；為了”的so that來引導目的狀語從句。故選B項。

4.—Harry Potteris_______an interesting novel_______I want to read it again.

—I agree with you.

【2018·咸寧中考題】

A.so；thatB.too；to

C.such；thatD.as；as

【答案與解析】C句意：——《哈利·波特》是一本如此有趣的小說，我還想再讀一遍。——我同意你的看法。第二個空白處后面是一個句子，排除B、D項。novel是名詞，排除A項。故選C項。

5.Hefelt_______surprisedthat he couldn't say a word with his mouth wide open.

【2016·內江中考題】

A.veryB.such

C.soD.too

【答案與解析】Cvery和too后面不能接句子，排除A、D項。surprised是形容詞，應用so修飾。故選C項。

◎自我檢測

Ⅰ.選擇正確的答案填空。

1.Tina is_______nervous_______she can't talk in front of the class.

A.such；that

B.too；to

C.so；that

D.enough；to

2.Your dream will not come true_______you keep trying your best.

A.whenB.unless

C.whetherD.because

3.—Did you catch the early bus this morning?

—Yes.Thebusstartedtomove_______I got on it.

A.thoughB.before

C.as soon asD.ever since

4.I looked through the test paper again and again_______I wouldn't make any mistakes.

A.ifB.because

C.even thoughD.so that

Ⅱ.按要求完成下列句子。每空一詞。

1.I can't give you any money unless you tell me what you want to buy.（改為同義句）

I can't give you any money_______you_______tell me what you want to buy.

2.He is so young that he can't look after himself.（改為簡單句）

He is_______young______________after himself.

3.The boy saved money in order to buy his mother a present.（改為復合句）

Theboysavedmoney_______ _______he could buy his mother a present.