戴勝蘭 邱彩 玉姚俊等
[摘要] 目的 構建和包裝穩定表達泛素化HBcAg融合基因和Tapasin基因的重組慢病毒,為慢性乙型肝炎免疫治療的實驗研究奠定基礎。 方法 設計引物通過聚合酶鏈式反應(PCR)擴增獲得目的基因Ub-HBcAg,Ub-HBcAg基因與經酶切線性化的慢病毒表達載體質粒pLenti-CMV-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP定向連接,其產物pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP轉化大腸桿菌菌株DH5α感受態細胞,挑選陽性克隆進行PCR鑒定和直接測序序列分析。將化學合成的T2A-Tapasin基因插入至pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP,其產物pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-T2A-Tapasin-3Flag-P2A-EGFP經直接基因測序分析后與包裝質粒pLP1、pLP2以及包膜質粒pLP/VSVG共轉染人胚腎293T細胞,得到攜帶有Ub-HBcAg基因和Tapasin基因的重組慢病毒顆粒LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin,重組慢病毒顆粒轉染293T細胞,實時熒光定量PCR檢測慢病毒濃縮液的滴度,Western blot法檢測目的基因的表達。 結果 成功構建和包裝了表達泛素化HBcAg融合基因和Tapasin基因的重組慢病毒,實時熒光定量PCR證實重組慢病毒的滴度達3.25×108 TU/mL。 結論 成功構建穩定表達泛素化HBcAg融合基因和Tapasin基因的重組慢病毒,為慢性乙肝的免疫治療提供了實驗基礎。
[關鍵詞] 慢病毒;乙型肝炎核心抗原;泛素;分子伴侶Tapasin
[中圖分類號] R512.62? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2019)02(a)-0009-05
[Abstract] Objective To construct and package a recombinant lentivirus stably expressing the ubiquitinated HBcAg fusion gene and the Tapasin gene and to lay the foundation for the experimental study of immunotherapy for chronic hepatitis B. Methods The Ub-HBcAg gene was amplified with designing primers by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The purified Ub-HBcAg fragment was cloned into the lentivirus vector pLenti-CMV-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP which was ligated by restriction endonuclease. The product pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP was transformed into E. coli DH5α cells. The positive clones were chosen for PCR identification and direct sequencing analysis. Then, T2A-Tapasin sequence was chemically synthesized and cloned into pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP. The product recombinant pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-T2A-Tapasin-3Flag-P2A-EGFP plasmid was confirmed by direct gene sequencing. Lentiviral particles of LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin were produced by triple transfection of 293T cells with pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-T2A-Tapasin-3Flag-P2A-EGFP using packaging plasmids pLP1, pLP2 and envelope plasmid pLP/VSVG. The recombinant lentiviral particles were transfected into human embryonic kidney 293T cells. The titer of lentivirus was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and the expression of the target gene was determined by Western blot. Results Recombinant lentivirus vectors expressing ubiquitinated HBcAg fusion gene and Tapasin gene were successfully constructed and packaged. The titer was 3.25×108 TU/mL detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Conclusion The stable expressing of ubiquitinated HBcAg fusion gene and Tapasin gene recombinant lentivirus vectors are successfully established, providing experimental basis for immunotherapy of chronic hepatitis B.
[Key words] Lentivirus; Hepatitis B core antigen; Ubiquitin; Chaperone Tapasin
乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染是嚴重危害人類健康的全球公共衛生問題[1],細胞毒性T淋巴細胞(cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)在根除慢性HBV感染中的作用已經得到證實。在免疫應答過程中HBV可作為細胞內抗原,其加工由泛素-蛋白酶體系統(ubiquitin-proteasome system,UPS)介導[2]??乖鞍捉浄核匦揎椡ㄟ^UPS降解至最適長度表位肽,抗原肽加載到MHCⅠ類分子上需要特異性分子伴侶-TAP結合蛋白(Tapasin)的協助。機體對乙型肝炎核心抗原(hepatitis B core antigen,HBcAg)的免疫應答在根除HBV方面起著重要作用[3],因此,本研究目的是構建和包裝攜帶泛素化HBcAg基因和Tapasin基因的慢病毒,為進一步探索泛素化HBcAg和Tapasin刺激機體產生HBV特異性CTL反應的作用奠定實驗基礎。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料與試劑
慢病毒表達載體質粒pLenti-CMV-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP,包裝質粒pLP1、pLP2及包膜質粒pLP/VSVG由和元生物技術(上海)有限公司提供;人胚腎細胞株293T來自中國科學院上海生科院細胞資源中心;Taq DNA聚合酶、大腸桿菌菌株DH5α、無內毒素質粒小提試劑盒(貨號:DP103)和凝膠回收試劑盒(貨號:DP209)均購自天根公司;質粒pcDNA3.1(-)-Ub-HBcAg(攜帶完整Ub-HBcAg基因)由本實驗室構建和保存[4]。
T4 DNA連接酶由Fermentas公司提供;PrimerStar DNA聚合酶購自Takara公司;限制性內切酶XhoI、EcoRI及BamHI來源于New England Biolabs公司;Lipofectamine 2000轉染試劑盒(貨號:11668019)購自Invitrogen;鼠抗人HBcAg單克隆抗體購自Abcam;兔抗小鼠Tapasin抗體購自Santa Cruz;山羊抗小鼠及山羊抗兔IgG-HRP等Western blot相關試劑均為碧云天公司產品。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 引物設計? 根據質粒pcDNA3.1(-)-Ub-HBcAg,由上海生物工程技術有限公司合成其Ub-HBcAg基因序列的引物,上游引物序列P1:5′-TACCGGACTC-AGATCTCGAGGCCACCATGCAGATCTTCGTGAAGA-CCC-3′,下游引物序列P2:5′-GGGTACATGGTGGCGAATTCACATTGAGATTCCCGAGATTG-3′,兩段引物中分別含XhoI及EcoRI酶切位點(下劃線部分為酶切位點)。
1.2.2 Ub-HBcAg基因片段的擴增? 以質粒pcDNA3.1(-)-Ub-HBcAg中攜帶的Ub-HBcAg序列為模板,用以上合成的引物應用PrimerSTAR酶通過PCR成功擴增,使用瓊脂糖凝膠電泳及凝膠回收試劑盒分離、回收和純化所得PCR產物。
1.2.3 攜帶Ub-HBcAg基因的pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP表達載體質粒的構建? 用XhoI和EcoRI限制性內切酶雙酶切上述PCR產物及pLenti-CMV-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP,將酶切后的目的基因片段、線性化載體和T4 DNA連接酶加入離心管中進行連接反應。將10 μL連接產物轉化到DH5α感受態菌株中,將轉化后菌液涂布在含有氨芐青霉素的LB瓊脂平板上,進行抗性篩選培養,挑選陽性單克隆進行菌落PCR驗證,并進行雙向測序分析(由上海生物工程技術有限公司完成)。
1.2.4 攜帶Ub-HBcAg基因和Tapasin基因的pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-T2A-Tapasin-3Flag-P2A-EGFP表達載體質粒的構建? 根據GenBank網站搜索的小鼠Tapasin基因序列,化學合成T2A-Tapasin基因片段,以BamHI內切酶酶切Lenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP表達載體質粒,將T2A-Tapasin基因插入至載體,得到目的載體質粒并進行基因測序(由上海生物工程技術有限公司完成)。
1.2.5 重組慢病毒LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin的包裝? 根據Lipofectamine 2000說明書,將構建的表達載體質粒與包裝質粒及包膜質粒共轉染293T細胞,獲得攜帶目的基因Ub-HBcAg、Tapasin的重組慢病毒。轉染16 h后,更換為完全培養基,收集48、72 h細胞上清液并離心,0.45 μm細胞濾過膜過濾后,通過低溫超速離心濃縮病毒并命名為LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin,保存于-80℃備用。
1.2.6 慢病毒滴度測定? 將293T細胞接種至24孔板中,加入不同濃度慢病毒稀釋液(0.1、1、10 μL),20 h后換液,收集72 h細胞,通過Real-time PCR法測定滴度。通過定量病毒序列WPRE和內參基因BAC,使用2-ΔΔCt相對定量法計算病毒基因組數目和細胞基因組數目的比例。病毒滴度根據以下公式計算:病毒滴度=每基因組整合的病毒平均拷貝數×感染時細胞數目×病毒載體的稀釋倍數×1000/加入的稀釋病毒的體積數(μL)。
1.2.7 重組慢病毒LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin在293T細胞中的表達? 將293T細胞接種到24孔板(5×104個/孔),按感染復數(multiplicity of infection,MOI)20加入重組慢病毒LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin,24 h后換液。72 h后收集細胞通過Western blot檢測目的蛋白。
2 結果
2.1 Ub-HBcAg目的基因的PCR擴增結果
2.2 重組克隆的菌落PCR鑒定結果
2.3 重組表達載體質粒pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-T2A-Tapasin-3Flag-P2A-EGFP的基因測序
將化學合成的T2A-Tapasin基因插入至構建好的載體,得到目的載體質粒pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-T2A-Tapasin-3Flag-P2A-EGFP,基因測序,插入目的基因Ub-HBcAg和Tapasin的序列正確,表明成功構建了重組表達載體質粒。
2.4 重組慢病毒LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin的滴度測定
LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin感染293T細胞并收取細胞用于DNA提取及定量PCR,基于2-ΔΔCt法計算出病毒基因組數量和細胞基因組數量的比例。根據公式計算得到重組慢病毒的滴度為3.35×108 TU/mL。
2.5 重組慢病毒LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin轉染293T細胞后的目的基因的表達檢測
。
3 討論
我國乙肝的發病率很高,約9300萬人為慢性HBV感染者[5]。HBV是一種非細胞病變性病毒,宿主免疫應答在肝損害和病毒控制中起著關鍵作用[6]。慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者的宿主免疫力下降,不能對入侵的HBV及其相關抗原形成有效的免疫應答而清除病毒[7]。HBV特異性CTL可通過細胞溶解和非細胞溶解機制直接清除HBV感染的細胞[8],對于清除HBV至關重要,因此,如何有效誘導HBV特異性CTL已成為CHB治療的關鍵。
治療性疫苗代表了一種免疫治療策略,治療性疫苗必須克服免疫耐受并且能夠誘導HBV特異性CTL應答[9]。研究發現,以HBcAg為基礎的治療性疫苗免疫HBV轉基因小鼠后,可以誘導HBcAg及HBsAg特異性CTL反應[10]。此外,HBcAg作為治療性疫苗的作用也在HBV感染的鴨和土撥鼠模型中得到證實[11-12]。抗原蛋白與泛素結合后可通過UPS快速降解為抗原肽,進入MHCⅠ類抗原提呈途徑而誘導特異性CTL免疫反應[13]。分子伴侶Tapasin的C端128個殘基可與TAP相互作用,結合抗原肽將其轉運至內質網,并將MHCⅠ類分子募集到TAP附近[14-15],確保多肽與MHCⅠ類分子的有效折疊和裝配,形成特殊的空間構象,作為特異信號被CD8+ T淋巴細胞受體所識別,產生特異性CTL免疫應答[16]。近年來,研究發現CHB患者外周血單核細胞的Tapasin表達降低[17]。Chen等[18]研究發現以Tapasin修飾經胞內轉運的CTL表位肽HBcAg18-27誘導特異性CTL可抑制HBV復制。這些研究均提示Tapasin可參與抗原肽提呈,在病毒清除中起著重要作用。
我們前期研究中以第三代慢病毒載體(lentiviral vector,LV)負載泛素化HBcAg(LV-Ub-HBcAg)免疫HBV轉基因小鼠后,可有效增加體內特異性CTL的數量及增強特異性CTL殺傷活性,顯著降低血清HBsAg及HBV DNA水平,抑制肝臟中HBsAg、HBcAg的表達[19-20]。本研究在前期研究的基礎上,構建和包裝共表達泛素化HBcAg與Tapasin基因的重組慢病毒。研究結果顯示攜帶目的基因Ub-HBcAg及Tapasin的重組慢病毒(LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin)構建及包裝成功,轉染293T細胞,Western blot檢測結果顯示轉染后的293T細胞可穩定表達目的蛋白HBcAg與Tapasin,提示LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin在轉染細胞中表達高效穩定。下一步研究中,我們將以LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin免疫小鼠,旨在使HBcAg胞內化,迅速被UPS降解為最適于提呈的表位肽,在Tapasin協同作用下,形成MHCⅠ/多肽復合物進入MHCⅠ類分子抗原提呈途徑,刺激機體產生HBV特異性CTL反應。
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(收稿日期:2018-08-14? 本文編輯:羅喬荔)