Water Management for Sustainable Urban Development

孫紅丹 陳文懿 吳志軍

“Water” and “city” are interacted on each other.All over the world，modern cities are facing challenges of urban flood hazard，groundwater recession，ground subsidence and water shortages.Meanwhile，miscellaneous technologies are being invented to collect，reuse and purify rainwater to make contribute to further sustainable city.

1 Storm Water Management

Strorm water management has a long history in China.The buildings in ancient china were designed to handle with the storm，for instance the sloping roof in south china，the detention of storm runoff in the Summer Palace，storm water infiltration in Circular City.Nowadays，in this mordernizational society we should pay much more attention to the storm water management and built a sustainable urban city.

The different consideration of three different scales.

Land use planning and regional landscape planning （100～10000km?） should be provided space for water supply，storm drainage and sewage.City Master planning，district planning，Urban landscape planning （10～100km?） and related special planning should be general strategy for urban future development.It should also planning for other facilities.City Regulatory Plan；Site Plan，Landscape Design（1hm?～10km?） should consider hydrology and survey of the site，water management strategy，sewage and storm water drainage plan of the site etc.（Professor Goiger，UNESCO chair in Sustainable Water Management）

1.1 Storm water and urban design strategy

To make a sustainable urban development，the storm water management system should be combined with the urban biological conservation system，urban local legacy systems，the leisure and recreation system and the urban green transportation system to form an “ecological infrastructure system”.This comprehensive system of spatial planning should be coordinate with the people-land relationship and be the solution to the urban and regional ecological problems.Meanwhile，the rainfall management in sustainable development management will balance the economic，the nature and society to provide a clean environment for social wellbeings，to realize EU- WRRL goals and increase the cost recovery of water and sewerage.

When doing the city land use planning，designers should fully take into account of the connection of the collected the rainwater.The connections among underground water，the existing swales，wetlands and lakes，can help water be purified before they flow into the underground water.when doing the master planning，water areas should be guaranteed，and the capacity of the lake should be calculated the amount of once-in-five years storm water and leave enough buffer zone.

1.2 Drainage system

Urban water concepts has four different stage from center water supply and drainage system to fully decentral system.Different types have different characteristics.In the third stage，the additional rainwater and grey water recycling system which is half to decentral will cost minimum.While the treatment and disposal of waste and storm water in a fully decentralized system is a sustainable solution that will positive for the restauration of the original water balance.

2 Conclusion

In order to have a sustainable urban development rather than developed at the expense of destroying environment，we should handle well the relationship between water and city，water and nature as well as water and people.

When it comes to the relationship between water and city.The urban flood hazard will be a big risk need to prevent，so the storm water management system combined with “The Greening and Softing of Municipal Infrastructure” will not only solve this problem but also bring more green public areas to the city.In addition it will contribute a healthy life in the city.The relationship between the river and the nature may also explained as the relationship between city and nature.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

For Books

[1]Carl S.Smith.City water，city life：water and the infrastructure of ideas in urbanizing Philadelphia，Boston，and Chicago[M].University of Chicago Press，2013.ISBN9780226022512.

For Journals

[1]國外雨水回收利用經驗及借鑒.廣西節能，2012.

[2]陳鐵，孫瑤，劉大軍.城市雨水污染治理與雨水資源化.遼寧城鄉環境科技，2004.

作者簡介

孫紅丹（1988.11—），女，漢，湖南湘潭人，碩士，湖南科技大學，講師，研究方向：城市與景觀設計。

陳文懿（1985.02—），女，漢，湖南湘潭人，碩士，湖南科技大學，講師，研究方向：室內設計。

吳志軍（1979.01—），男，漢，湖南湘潭人，碩士，湖南科技大學，教授，研究方向：工業設計。