雷志強 張旭力


【摘要】 目的:研究硬膜外自控鎮痛對老年髖關節置換術患者術后不適感及血小板活化的影響。方法:選取2018年10月-2019年5月收治的50例老年髖關節置換術患者為研究對象。依據隨機數字表法分為對照組(肌肉注射鎮痛組)25例和觀察組(硬膜外自控鎮痛組)25例。比較兩組術后不同時間的不適感、術前及術后不同時間的血小板活化指標、足甲襞微循環指標。結果:觀察組術后不同時間的不適感均輕于對照組,差異均有統計學意義(P<0.05);術前兩組的血小板活化指標及足甲襞微循環指標比較,差異均無統計學意義(P>0.05);治療后觀察組的血小板活化指標、足甲襞微循環指標均優于對照組,差異均有統計學意義(P<0.05)。結論:硬膜外自控鎮痛對老年髖關節置換術患者術后不適感及血小板活化的影響相對較好,對老年髖關節置換術患者中的血栓防控具有積極的作用。
【關鍵詞】 硬膜外自控鎮痛 老年髖關節置換術 術后不適感 血小板活化
[Abstract] Objective: To study the influence of patient-controlled epidural analgesia for the postoperative discomfort and platelet activation of elderly patients with hip-joint replacement surgery. Method: A total of 50 elderly patients with hip-joint replacement surgery admitted from October 2018 to May 2019 were selected as the study objects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group (intramuscular injection analgesia group) and the observation group (epidural controlled analgesia group), 25 cases in each group. Then the discomfort at different time after the surgery, platelet activation indexes and foot nailfold microcirculation indexes before the surgery and at different time after the surgery were compared between the two groups. Result: The discomfort of observation group at different time after the surgery were lighter than those of control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The platelet activation indexes and foot nailfold microcirculation indexes of two groups before the surgery were compared, the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The platelet activation indexes and foot nailfold microcirculation indexes of observation group at different time after the surgery were better than those of control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The influence of patient-controlled epidural analgesia for the postoperative discomfort and platelet activation of elderly patients with hip-joint replacement surgery are relatively better, which has active role for the thrombus prevention and control of elderly patients with hip-joint replacement surgery.
[Key words] Epidural controlled analgesia Hip-joint replacement surgery in the elderly Postoperative discomfort Platelet activation
First-authors address: Wuxue First Peoples Hospital, Wuxue 435400, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2019.31.010
老年髖關節置換術是臨床常見的手術方式,而本類手術方式患者的術后不適感對于患者的恢復與生存質量均十分不利,同時也是患者術后改善與控制需求較高的方面。另外,血小板狀態與血液循環乃至血栓發生等密切相關,因此血小板活化的變化波動也是老年髖關節置換術的重要監測方面[1-2]。有研究認為,較好的鎮痛對患者微循環的影響明顯,但是關于老年髖關節置換術患者術后鎮痛對血小板活化狀態的影響研究不足[3-4]。本研究就硬膜外自控鎮痛對老年髖關節置換術患者術后不適感及血小板活化的影響進行觀察與研究,現報道如下。
[5]高翔,夏曉瓊,王亮,等.三種常見麻醉方式對全髖關節置換術的老年患者術后轉歸的影響[J].臨床麻醉學雜志,2018,34(7):669-672.
[6] Kim B G,Kim H,Lim H K,et al.A comparison of palonosetron and dexamethasone for postoperative nausea and vomiting in orthopedic patients receiving patient-controlled epidural analgesia[J].Korean J Anesthesiol,2017,70(5):520-526.
[7] Bhasin S,Dhar M,Sreevastava D K,et al.Comparison of Efficacy of Epidural Ropivacaine versus Bupivacaine for Postoperative Pain Relief in Total Knee Replacement Surgeries[J].Anesth Essays Res,2018,12(1):26-30.
[8]嚴關娟,樓小侃.不同鎮痛方式在應用低分子肝素老年人髖關節置換術中的作用比較[J].中華老年醫學雜志,2016,35(4):396-400.
[9]蕭國鳳,呂浩.硬膜外自控鎮痛對下肢骨腫瘤患者術后下肢微循環及T淋巴細胞亞群的影響[J].實用癌癥雜志,2018,33(5):840-843,847.
[10]袁野,楊春飛,李軍,等.硬膜外自控鎮痛治療對前列腺電切術術后凝血功能及血栓事件發生的影響[J].血栓與止血學,2016,22(3):300-302,306.
[11]孫晶.術前使用帕瑞昔布鈉對硬膜外血腫患者圍術期疼痛及凝血功能的影響[J].中國基層醫藥,2018,25(9):1185-1187.
[12]韓銳.氫嗎啡酮用于老年膝關節置換術后自控鎮痛的臨床研究[J].醫學臨床研究,2018,35(9):1669-1671.
[13]李勝,周春婷,王國波.硬膜外腔間斷注射與持續注射羅哌卡因用于產后鎮痛的效果及對產婦運動功能的影響比較[J].中國基層醫藥,2018,25(24):3193-3196.
[14]唐瑩.術后不同模式鎮痛在老年骨折患者的應用效果研究[J].實用臨床醫藥雜志,2017,21(13):137-138.
[15]史國強.膝關節置換術后鎮痛管理中多模式鎮痛的應用研究[J].實用醫技雜志,2017,24(12):1344-1345.
[16] Jules-Elysee K M,Goon A K,Westrich G H,et al.Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia or Multimodal Pain Regimen with Periarticular Injection After Total Hip Arthroplasty:A Randomized,Double-Blind,Placebo-Controlled Study[J].J Bone Joint Surg Am,2015,97(10):789-798.
[17] Siniscalchi A,Gamberini L,Laici C,et al.Thoracic epidural anesthesia:Effects on splanchnic circulation and implications in Anesthesia and Intensive care[J].World J Crit Care Med,2015,4(1):89-104.
[18]路文勝,羅煒,劉京升,等.髕骨骨折切開復位內固定術后不同鎮痛模式的效果比較[J].實用疼痛學雜志,2017,13(6):442-445.
[19]楊嬌,曹海,王世強,等.多鎮痛模式聯合術后干預對高齡關節置換術患者術后感染及疼痛狀態的比較研究[J].中華醫院感染學雜志,2016,26(24):5641-5644.
[20]何磊,王志杰.腰椎后路手術三種術后鎮痛方式的比較分析[J].頸腰痛雜志,2016,37(6):511-514.
[21]洪飚,羅濤,段律芳,等.不同鎮痛方式在多發肋骨骨折患者疼痛管理的應用[J].中國疼痛醫學雜志,2015,21(5):383-386.
(收稿日期:2019-07-17) (本文編輯:周亞杰)