一座中國民間醫藥的圣殿

□ 文/本刊記者 胡先福 唐綱

重慶渝中區李子壩，一個很不起眼兒的地方，坐落著中國民間醫藥的圣殿—中國民間醫藥博物館。此地就位于重慶網紅景點“輕軌穿樓”拍攝露臺不遠處。

剛剛過去的國慶假期，這個“圣殿”里游人如織，參觀者排成了長龍。中國民間醫藥博物館館長劉光瑞告訴記者，即使平時，前來參觀的人數也不少，“現在，每年參觀的人數有近10萬人。”

The temple of Chinese folk medicine: Museum of Chinese Folk Medicine is located in Liziba, Yuzhong district,Chongqing, a very inconspicuous place that lies not far away from the internet sensation “A Photography Gazebo Facing the Light Rail through a Building” in Chongqing.

During the just past National Day holiday, the “temple”was crowded with visitors waiting in line. Liu Guangrui,curator of the Chinese Museum of Folk Medicine, told reporters that even in peacetime, there were quite a few visitors. "Now, the number of visitors is nearly 100,000 every year."

浩如煙海的中醫藥文獻

劉光瑞，出身中醫世家。他是重慶市頗有聲譽的中醫，也是中醫藥文化的忠實擁躉。1996年，他創辦了中國民間醫藥博物館，該館集史、醫、藥為一體，是目前中國頗具代表性的中醫藥專業性博物館。

記者在這里看到，館內集中展示了我國民間醫藥的精華，從秦漢至今約三千年的中國民間醫藥一枝獨秀，競吐芳華。從神農氏嘗百草，到華佗刮骨療疾，扁鵲、張仲景、李時珍濟世救人……浩如煙海的醫藥文獻，以及無數杰出的醫苑人物，燦若銀河，赫然在目。博物館將中國民間醫藥史這座取之不盡、用之不竭的寶庫加以發掘、整理和發揚光大。

岐伯，中國傳說中最富有聲望的醫學家，黃帝為療救民疾，尊他為老師，一起研討醫學問題，《黃帝內經》多數內容即以他與黃帝問答的形式寫成。所以，記載“岐伯”的最早文獻是《黃帝內經》。中國醫學素稱“岐黃”，或謂“岐黃之術”，岐伯當屬首要地位。為此，中國民間醫藥博物館內不僅安放有岐伯塑像，還收藏有《黃帝內經》明朝萬歷善本，簡稱《內經》，原書18卷，約14萬字。書中全面論述人體生理、病理、診斷、預防以及針灸等，并注重人與自然環境的關系，運用陰陽五行和臟腑經絡學說，強調精神與社會因素的作用，從而奠定了祖國醫學的理論基礎，長期以來對中醫學的發展起著指導作用，在中國醫學史上占有重要位置。

Numerous Chinese Medicine Literature

Liu Guangrui came from a Chinese medicine family. He is a prestigious Chinese physician in Chongqing and a loyal supporter of Chinese medicine culture. In 1996, he founded the Museum of Chinese Folk Medicine, which integrates history,medical treatment and medicine. It is a representative museum of Chinese medicine in China.

Reporters found in the museum the essence of Chinese folk medicine from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the present, a history of about 3000 years, in which the Chinese folk medicine outshines others. From Shennong who tasted all kinds of herbs,Hua Tuo who scraped the bone to heal the disease to Bian Que, Zhang Zhongjing and Li Shizhen who practiced medicine offers to the world, numerous medical literatures, and countless outstanding medical figures, can be seen here. The Museum excavates, collates and develops the inexhaustible treasure house of Chinese folk medicine history.

In order to offer medical treatment to his people,the Yellow Emperor took Qi Bo, the most prestigious physician in Chinese legend as his mentor to discuss medical problems. Most of the contents of Qi Bo’s work “Inner Canon of Huangdi” were written in the form of questions and answers between his and the Yellow Emperor. Therefore, the earliest document about "Qi Bo" is "Inner Canon of Huangdi". And Chinese medicine is known as "Qi Huang" or "Qi Huang Treatment", where Qi Bo is in the most important position. For this reason, there are not only statues of Qi Bo in the Museum of Chinese Folk Medicine, but also good edition of the “Inner Canon of Huangdi” of Ming Dynasty, Wanli years. The original work was 18 volumes with about 140,000 words. The book comprehensively discusses the aspects such as human physiology, pathology,diagnosis, prevention, acupuncture and moxibustion,and pays attention to the relationship between human and natural environment. It emphasizes the role of spiritual and social factors by applying the theories of yin-yang, five elements and the theory of viscera and channels, thus laying a theoretical foundation for the development of traditional Chinese medicine, which has been playing a guiding role for a long time. It occupies an important position in the history of Chinese medicine.

參觀者絡繹不絕。

博物館收藏的中醫古籍。

這里，還有奠定了中醫學的脈診診斷方法、開啟中醫學先河的春秋戰國時期名醫扁鵲（公元前407年—公元前310年），寫出了傳世巨著《傷寒雜病論》、被稱為醫圣的張仲景（公元150～154年—公元215～219年），著有被譽為16世紀中國百科全書《本草綱目》的李時珍（1518年—1593年），著作有《備急千金要方》和《千金翼方》、享年141歲、被后人尊稱為“藥王”的孫思邈（581年—682年）等名家的塑像和醫學成果展示。這里，中醫藥藏書極為豐富，汗牛充棟，很多是極具價值的古中醫書，有秦漢竹簡《養生方略》、宋代石印本《圖注難經》、《黃帝八十一難經》、《本草綱目》、《針灸大成》、《元亨療馬集》、清代絕版手繪《推拿求真》……

Hua Tuo was a famous medical scientist at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He had comprehensive medical skills, especially in surgery and in operation. As one of the most famous physicians in Chinese history, Huatuo's medial skill was almost magical. And whether his medicine has been handed down has always been a matter of concern. In the 50 thousand volumes of ancient medical books collected in the museum, Hua Tuo's“Huashi Chinese Medicine Scriptures” is particularly valuable.According to historical records, Hua Tuo did have some medical secrets, and the “Huashi Chinese Medicine Scriptures” is one of them. The book is divided into three volumes. The first volume is mainly discussing medical principles, the second volume mainly deals with clinic, and the second volume records more than 60 kinds of clinical therapeutic prescriptions. It preserves and records human cognition, treatment and prevention of diseases."It is very precious that a rare isolated copy of it is preserved for the medical fi eld." Liu Guangrui said.

In addition to ancient Chinese books, Liu Guangrui also collected India's palm-leaf scriptures. The palm-leaf scripture is written on the leaves of the palm tree, which originated from ancient India. Most of the palm-leaf scriptures are Buddhist scriptures, and some are ancient Indian Sanskrit documents of high cultural value.

① 泰國總理及泰國中醫界名人參觀中國民間醫藥發展史與劉光瑞館長合影。

② 中外中醫藥同行交流。

據介紹，劉光瑞收藏的約10萬冊古書中，有5萬冊是文史類書籍，有5萬冊是中國古醫書。記者在博物館看到，這些古醫書大部分保存完好，少部分因為年代久遠已經破損，目前博物館已經安排人員對這些古書進行整理，等待進一步研究。

這些古醫書中，年代最為久遠的當屬漢代木簡。在中國古代，把字寫在狹長的木條上，叫做木簡。木簡是在紙未發明以前或未大量使用以前，中國最主要形式的書籍，木簡上的文字內容或是書信記事，或是公文報告。目前這些木簡被浸泡在藥水中，以防止破損。

華佗是東漢末年著名的醫學家，他醫術全面，尤其擅長外科，精于手術。作為中國歷史上最有名的醫家之一，華佗的醫術近乎神奇，關于他的醫術是否流傳下來，一直為眾人所關心。而在博物館收藏的5萬冊古醫書中，以華佗的《華氏中藏經》尤為珍貴。據文史記載，華佗確實有醫學秘籍，《華氏中藏經》就是其中之一。《華氏中藏經》分為3卷，上卷主要是論述醫理，中卷以臨床為主，下卷則記載了各類臨床治療藥方達60余種。它保留和記載了人類對疾病的認知及治療和防范方法。“這是非常珍貴的，對我們醫界來講，是將難得的孤本給保留了下來。”劉光瑞說。

除了中國古代書籍，劉光瑞還收藏了印度的貝葉經。貝葉經就是寫在貝樹葉子上的經文，源于古印度。貝葉經多為佛教經典，還有一部分為古印度梵文文獻，具有極高的文物價值。

There are also famous Chinese physicians including Bian Que (407 BC - 310 BC) who established the pulse diagnosis method and opened the way of traditional Chinese medicine,Zhang Zhongjing (150 - 154 AD - 215 - 219 AD),who wrote the great book "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases" and was known as the sage of medicine and Li Shizhen (1518-1593), author of the Compendium of Materia Medica (also known as the Encyclopedia of China in the 16th century).Also, “The King of Medicine” Sun Simiao, who lived for 141 years and wrote the famous works“Thousand Golden Prescriptions” and “Thousand Valuable Prescriptions”. Statues and exhibitions of medical achievements of all these famous physicians are displayed. Here, the collection of Chinese medicine is extremely rich, and there are many valuable ancient Chinese medicine books, such as Qin and Han bamboo slips "Health Preservation Strategies", stone-printed work of Song Dynasty“Illustrations of Difficult Diseases", "Huangdi Eightyone Canon for Difficult Diseases", "Compendium of Materia Medica", "Acupuncture and Moxibustion","Yuanheng Horse Treatment Collection" and the outof-print, hand-painted "Tuina Massage for Truth" of Qing Dynasty, etc.

According to reports, in Liu Guangrui's collection of about 100,000 ancient books, 50,000 are literature and history books and the other 50,000 are ancient Chinese medical books. Reporters found in the museum that most of these ancient medical books are well preserved, with a small number of them already damaged in the ancient time. At present,the museum has arranged collation of these ancient books for further study.

Among these ancient medical books, the most ancient ones were those wooden slips of the Han Dynasty. In ancient China, words were written on narrow strips of wood, which were called wooden slips. Wood slips were the most important form of books in China before the invention of paper or before paper was used in large quantities. At present,these wooden slips are soaked in potions to prevent breakage.

方興未艾的中醫藥國際交流

中國民間醫藥博物館在創辦及發展進程中，得到了諸多方面的大力支持。原國防部長張愛萍將軍多次為該館題詞，其中一幅為“發展神農醫學，創新神農醫藥”，原中央軍委副主席遲浩田還題詞“祖孫三代名中醫，譽滿華夏扶傷人”，中共元老宋平題詞“弘揚傳統醫藥”。我國宗教界人士趙樸初、釋心月等也先后支持該館發展。

自建館以來，該館舉辦的中外中醫藥交流活動不斷，來館參觀游人如織。據介紹，該館從1996年10月12日開放以來，已先后接待中、美、德、新、日、韓、法、俄等20多個國家和地區數百萬人次參觀，與美國、德國、泰國等國家和地區建立了學術交流關系。

2000年年初，在該館舉行了中德傳統醫學交流會，以德國和中國的傳統醫學院院長為代表的6位專家在該館進行了學術交流，雙方簽訂了合作辦學協議。同時，德國醫學家們還在該館過年，體驗中國的傳統佳節。

當年3月，受美國美威行集團公司的邀請，館長劉光瑞率領一行12人帶著170件中醫藥珍貴文物及古中醫書在美國進行了為期4周的“歷年中醫藥發展史展覽”。該展覽使美國民眾大開眼界，了解中醫藥文化歷史。展覽也為中國加入WTO后，中醫藥進入美國市場作了鋪墊。展覽期間，劉光瑞一行受到美國原加州州長及市長的接見。

2001年，該館被重慶市僑辦納入僑屬單位，成為僑辦授予的華文中醫藥培訓基地。劉光瑞擅長中醫藥民間絕技的研究，獲科技獎、發明獎28項。隨著博物館的國際交流與日俱增，他撰寫的10余部民間醫藥專著也流行于東南亞、歐洲、美洲等中醫界及患者群，他被聘為德國中醫研究院副院長、新加坡中醫研究所教授，還被聘為美國第九屆INPEX國際博覽會評委。由此實現了他“讓中醫走出國門，讓中醫為人類健康服務”的理想。

International Exchanges of Chinese Medicine in the Ascendant

The Museum of Chinese Folk Medicine has been strongly supported in many aspects during its founding and development.General Zhang Aiping, former Defense Minister wrote many inscriptions for the museum, one of which was "Developing Shennong medical science and innovating Shennong medicine".Former Vice-Chairman of the Central Military Commission Chi Haotian also inscribed "Three generations of famous Chinese physician, renowned around China for healing people", and Senior Chinese Communist Party member Song Ping inscribed"Promoting traditional medicine". Moreover, individuals in religious circles such as Zhao Puchu and Shi Xinyue have successively supported the development of the museum.

Since the establishment of the museum, it has always been crowded with visitors. It is reported that since its opening on October 12, 1996, the museum has received millions of visitors from more than 20 countries and regions, including China, the United States, Germany, Singapore, Japan, Korea, France and Russia, and has established academic exchanges with the United States, Germany, Thailand and other countries and regions.

At the beginning of 2000, the Sino-German Symposium on Traditional Medicine was held in the museum. Six experts, represented by the deans of German and Chinese traditional medical schools,held academic exchanges in the Museum. The two parties signed a cooperative school-running agreement. At the same time, German medical scientists celebrated Chinese traditional festivals of the new year in the museum.

美國同行對研制的純中藥產品感興趣。

In March of that year, at the invitation of American Meiweihang Group, curator Liu Guangrui led a group of 12 people with 170 precious cultural relics of traditional Chinese medicine and ancient Chinese medicine books to the United States for a four-week exhibition on “the development history of traditional Chinese medicine”. The exhibition was eye-opening for the American people to understand the history of Chinese medicine culture. The exhibition also paved the way for Chinese medicine to enter the US market after China joined the WTO. During the exhibition,Liu Guangrui and his delegation were received by the former governor and mayor of California.

In 2001, the museum was incorporated into the Overseas Chinese Units by the Chongqing Overseas Chinese Affairs Office and became a training base for Chinese medicine awarded by the Office. Liu Guangrui is good at the research of folk skills of Chinese medicine, and has won 28 awards of science and technology and invention. With the increasing international exchanges of the museum, he has written more than 10 monographs on folk medicine popular in Southeast Asia, Europe, the Americas and other traditional Chinese medicine fields and patients.He was appointed Vice President of the German Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, professor of the Singaporean Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and judge of the 9th INPEX International Exposition in the United States. Thus, he realized his ideal of "letting traditional Chinese medicine go out of the country and making Chinese medicine serve human health".

劉光瑞認為，中醫既是醫學的中醫，更是文化的中醫。文化不彰，醫道不辨，醫術則不明。他說，從《黃帝內經》開始，中醫藥文化的哲理就十分清晰。中醫藥文化廣闊、深邃、豐富，中醫藥文化的空間包羅普遍聯系為整體的宇宙萬物。劉光瑞闡釋說，宏觀世界的萬物運動和微觀世界如臟腑、經絡、氣血等存在著相互聯系和影響；中醫藥文化的深邃，在于人文時代的精神土壤，與儒、佛、道思想有著千絲萬縷的關系，與現代文化理念與表達方式存在相當的時空疏離感；中醫藥文化之豐富，體現在歷史發展中理論與治療方法、養生方法等的積累和融匯，也體現在相關的詩歌藝術、通俗民風、心理情操等的表現與演進。為此，他將用畢生精力來打造好這座中醫藥博物館。

新加坡的中醫藥同行與劉光瑞館長親切交流。

Liu Guangrui believes that Chinese traditional medicine is the medicine not only for medical science, but also for the culture. If culture is not showed and the art of healing is not distinguished,the medicine is unclear. He said that from the "Inner Canon of Huangdi", the philosophy of Chinese medicine culture has been very clear. The culture of traditional Chinese medicine is broad, profound and rich. And the space of traditional Chinese medicine culture includes all things in the universe which are connected to each other. Liu Guangrui explained that the movement of all things in the macro world and the micro world such as viscera, meridians and collaterals, vital energy and blood are interrelated and influenced by each other. The profound culture of traditional Chinese medicine lies in the spiritual soil of the humanistic era, and has inextricable relations with Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, which is spatiotemporally distant from modern cultural ideas and expressions. The richness of traditional Chinese medicine culture is reflected in the accumulation and fusion of theories and methods of treatment and health preservation in the historical development,as well as the expression and evolution of related poetic art, popular folk customs and psychological sentiments. Therefore, Liu Guangrui will dedicate his whole life to building this museum of Chinese medicine.