高倩 孫明清 范存志 侯大山 張廣輝 劉強(qiáng) 李娟茹 李月華 柴玉博 李志合
摘 要:為明確冀中南麥區(qū)冬小麥在適宜播期內(nèi)的最佳播種量,實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)量和效益相統(tǒng)一,以輪選103為試驗材料,在適宜播期內(nèi)通過不同播量播種來研究播量對冬小麥基本苗、出苗情況和產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成的影響。結(jié)果表明,基本苗隨著播量的增加而增加,出苗率則隨著播量的增加而減少,穗數(shù)與基本苗的比值也隨播量的增加而減小;穗數(shù)隨著播量的增加而增加,穗粒數(shù)和千粒重隨著播量的增加呈減少趨勢,冬小麥的產(chǎn)量則是先隨著播量的增加而增加,在播量為225kg/hm2時產(chǎn)量最高,達(dá)到8240.9kg/hm2;然后隨著播量的增加產(chǎn)量呈下降趨勢。
關(guān)鍵詞:冬小麥;適期;播量;產(chǎn)量
中圖分類號 S512 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼 A 文章編號 1007-7731(2018)21-0064-02
Effect of Seeding Rate on Yield and Yield Components of Winter Wheat in Hebei Middle and South Region
Gao Qian1 et al.
(1Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Shijiazhuang City,Shijiazhuang 050051,China)
Abstract:In order to find out the optimum seeding quantity of Winter Wheat in the suitable sowing time and realize the unification of yield and benefit in the wheat region of central and southern Hebei.Lun Xuan 103 was used to study the effects of different sowing rates on basic seedlings,emergence and yield components of winter wheat at suitable sowing dates.The results showed that the seedling emergence rate decreased with the increase of seeding rate,the ratio of spike number to basic seedling decreased with the increase of seeding rate,the spike number increased with the increase of seeding rate,the spike number and 1000-grain weight decreased with the increase of seeding rate,and the yield of winter wheat was first.With the increase of sowing rate,the highest yield reached 8240.9kg/hm2 when sowing rate was 225 kg/hm2,and then decreased with the increase of sowing rate.
Key words:Winter wheat;Suitable period ;Sowing amount;Yield
近年來,全球氣候變暖,極端天氣頻繁出現(xiàn),暖冬和極端天氣對冬小麥的生長發(fā)育造成諸多不利影響[1-3]。大量研究表明,播期和播量是影響冬小麥群體和產(chǎn)量的重要因素之一[4-5]。冬小麥產(chǎn)量由單位面積穗數(shù)、穗粒數(shù)、千粒重這3個因素決定,密度適宜有利于緩解個體和群體的矛盾,構(gòu)建合理群體結(jié)構(gòu),促進(jìn)產(chǎn)量3因素協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,播量是決定單位面積穗數(shù)的關(guān)鍵[6-8]。在適期播種的前提下,播量過大不僅導(dǎo)致弱苗、病蟲害抵抗力降低、產(chǎn)量下降[9],而且還浪費種子;播量偏小,導(dǎo)致基本苗不足,群體不夠,產(chǎn)量難以保障。冀中南麥區(qū)光熱資源相對不足[10-11],冬小麥實現(xiàn)高產(chǎn)應(yīng)以保證單位面積穗數(shù)為主,再爭取合理的穗粒數(shù)和千粒重[12]。……