干旱脅迫對2個甘蔗品種生長和生理生化特性的影響

李健 農艷豐

摘 要：為了探究干旱脅迫對甘蔗的生長和生理生化特性的影響，為甘蔗的抗旱育種和栽培技術提供理論依據，該研究對桶栽的新臺糖22號（ROC22）和桂選B9（GXB9）2個甘蔗品種在伸長期進行了干旱脅迫及復水處理。結果表明，干旱脅迫嚴重阻礙了2個甘蔗品種蔗莖的正常生長，在恢復供水后GXB9的生長速度明顯慢于ROC22，此外在干旱脅迫下GXB9葉片的葉綠素含量、葉片相對含水量和SOD活性均顯著低于ROC22，并積累了較多的MDA，POD和CAT活性則兩者差異不大，這些都表明從巴西引進的GXB9甘蔗品種抗旱性要弱于廣西主栽的品種ROC22。

關鍵詞：甘蔗；干旱脅迫；生長；生理生化；影響

中圖分類號 S566.1 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-7731（2018）21-0025-05

Effects of Drought Stress on Growth，Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Two Sugarcane Varieties

Li Jian et al.

（Baise University，Baise 533000，China）

Abstract：In order to explore the effects of drought stress on the growth，physiological and biochemical characteristics of sugarcane，which provide a theoretical basis for drought-resistant breeding and cultivation techniques of sugarcane.Two sugarcane varieties，ROC22 and GXB9 were grown in pots，drought stress and re-watering treatments were applied at elongating stages in this study.The results showed that drought stress has seriously hindered the normal growth of two sugarcane varieties，and the growing rate of variety GXB9 was significantly slower than variety ROC22 after re-watering.In addition，the chlorophyll content，leaf relative water content and SOD activity in leaves of variety GXB9 were significantly lower than variety ROC22 and more MDA was accumulated under drought stress.And the activities of POD and CAT were little difference between two varieties.It indicates that drought resistance of variety GXB9 which was introduced from Brazil is weaker than the main variety ROC22 in Guangxi.

Key words：Sugarcane；Drought stress；Growth；Physiological and biochemical；Effect

甘蔗是世界最為重要的糖料作物之一，廣泛種植于熱帶、亞熱帶地區。廣西獨特的溫熱條件使其成為我國甘蔗的主產區，但由于廣西地處石山地區，耕地資源有限，多數甘蔗種植在水源缺乏的丘陵地帶，干旱缺水大大影響了甘蔗的正常生長和產量的提高，從而制約了我國糖業的健康發展。研究甘蔗在干旱脅迫下的生長及生理生化特性，將有助于選育抗旱甘蔗品種以及研發更為高效的甘蔗抗旱栽培技術。

植物遭受干旱脅迫時，活性氧（ROS）會在植物體內快速積累并破壞植物的細胞膜結構，使植物的正常新陳代謝受到破壞[1]。在自身的新陳代謝不能維持ROS的正常平衡時，植物為了清除ROS并保護細胞膜免受傷害，植物體內形成了一套復雜的抗氧化系統，將多余的ROS不斷清除，減少自身所受的傷害[2]。……