李天泉
[摘要] 目的 探討微創血腫穿刺清除術治療急性腦出血臨床療效。 方法 研究對象為方便選取該院2016年4月—2017年6月收治急性腦出血患者100例,以隨機數字表法分為對照組(50例)和觀察組(50例),分別采用小骨窗開顱術和微創血腫穿刺清除術治療;比較兩組患者圍手術期臨床指標、近期療效及治療前后NIHSS評分。 結果 對照組患者手術用時、術中失血量及住院用時分別為(2.94±0.80)h,(135.26±29.35)mL,(23.20±3.55)d;觀察組患者手術用時、術中失血量及住院用時分別為(1.56±0.47)h,(54.87±6.15)mL,(11.76±1.61)d;觀察組患者圍手術期臨床指標水平顯著優于對照組(t=3.07,3.44,3.19,P=0.00,0.00,0.00);對照組和觀察組患者優良率分別為46.00%,68.00%;觀察組患者近期療效顯著優于對照組(χ2=9.12,P=0.02);同時觀察組患者治療后NIHSS評分顯著低于對照組、治療前(t=3.46,3.17,P=0.00,0.00, P<0.05)。結論 微創血腫穿刺清除術治療急性腦出血可有效減輕醫源性創傷,加快術后康復進程,且有助于保護神經功能,價值優于小骨窗開顱術。
[關鍵詞] 微創血腫穿刺清除術;急性腦出血;療效
[中圖分類號] R651.1 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1674-0742(2018)07(a)-0031-03
Clinical Efficacy Analysis of Minimally Invasive Hematoma Puncture Removal for Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage
LI Tian-quan
Department of Psychology, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Ganzi, Sichuan Province, 626000 China
[Abstract] Objective This paper tries to investigate the clinical effects of minimally invasive hematoma puncture removal operation in the treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage. Methods 100 patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage were chosen conveniently in the period from April 2016 to June 2017 in the hospital and randomly divided into both group including control group (50 patients) with small bone window craniotomy and observation group (50 patients) with minimally invasive hematoma puncture removal operation; and the perioperative clinical indicators, clinical efficacy for short-term and NIHSS scores before and after treatment of both groups were compared. Results In the control group, the time of operation, intraoperative blood loss, and hospitalization were (2.94±0.80)h, (135.26±29.35)mL, (23.20±3.55)days. The surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, and hospitalization time of the observation group were respectively. It was (1.56±0.47)h, (54.87±6.15)mL, (11.76±1.61)days. The perioperative clinical indicators in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group (t=3.07, 3.44, 3.19, P=0.00, 0.00, 0.00); The excellent and good rates in the control and observation groups were 46.00% and 68.00%, respectively; the short-term efficacy of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group (χ2=9.12, P=0.02); meanwhile, the NIHSS score was significantly lower in the observation group after treatment. In the control group, before treatment (t=3.46, 3.17, P=0.00, 0.00, P<0.05). Conclusion Minimally invasive hematoma puncture and debridement for the treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage can effectively reduce the iatrogenic trauma, speed up the postoperative recovery process, and help to protect the nerve function, the value is better than the the small bone craniotomy.
[Key words] Minimally invasive hematoma puncture; Acute cerebral hemorrhage; Efficacy
該文以該院2016年4月—2017年6月收治的急性腦出血患者100例作為研究對象,分別采用小骨窗開顱術和微創血腫穿刺清除術治療;比較兩組患者圍手術期臨床指標、近期療效及治療前后NIHSS評分,探討微創血腫穿刺清除術治療急性腦出血臨床療效,現報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
方便選取該院收治的急性腦出血患者100例,均符合《臨床診療指南·神經外科學分冊》診斷標準[1],經醫院倫理委員會批準,患者或家屬知情同意,并同時排除合影像學檢查確認,同時排除合并其他中樞神經系統疾病、手術禁忌證、重要臟器功能障礙者。全部患者以隨機數字表法分為對照組和觀察組,每組50例;其中對照組中男性32例,女性18例,平均年齡為(58.20±7.44)歲,平均出血量為(37.46±9.12)mL,根據合并基礎疾病劃分,原發性高血壓29例,糖尿病17例,冠心病10例;觀察組中男性36例,女性14例,平均年齡為(58.61±7.51)歲,平均出血量為(37.10±9.03)mL,根據合并基礎疾病劃分,原發性高血壓32例,糖尿病18例,冠心病13例;兩組患者一般資料比較均差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。
1.2 治療方法
對照組患者采用常規小骨窗開顱術治療,具體手術操作參考《臨床診療指南·神經外科學分冊》;觀察組患者則采用微創血腫穿刺清除術治療,即首先CT下定位血腫位置,以專用血腫穿刺針刺入血腫部位,抽吸液化狀態血腫,再注入生理鹽水反復多次抽吸殘,最后注入尿激酶夾閉引流管留置3~4 h,最后松開引流管導出液體。
1.3 觀察指標
①記錄患者手術用時、術中失血量及住院用時,計算百分比;②神經功能損傷程度評價采用NIHSS量表定。
1.4 療效評定標準
根據《臨床診療指南·神經外科學分冊》[1]標準進行療效判定,分為優、良、可及差4級[7]。
1.5 統計方法
數據分析選擇SPSS 22.0統計學軟件,計量資料以(x±s)表示,進行t檢驗,計數資料用(x±s)表示,進行χ2檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 兩組患者圍手術期臨床指標水平比較
對照組患者手術用時、術中失血量及住院用時分別為(2.94±0.80)h,(135.26±29.35)mL,(23.20±3.55)d;觀察組患者手術用時、術中失血量及住院用時分別為(1.56±0.47)h,(54.87±6.15)mL,(11.76±1.61)d;觀察組患者圍手術期臨床指標水平顯著優于對照組(P<0.05)。見表1。
2.2 兩組患者近期療效比較
對照組患者治療后優、良、可及差例數分別為9例、14例、20例、7例,優良率分別為46.00%;觀察組患者治療后優、良、可及差例數分別為15例、19例、12例、4例,優良率分別為68.00%;觀察組患者近期療效顯著優于對照組(χ2=9.12,P=0.02),見表2。
2.3 兩組患者治療前后NIHSS評分比較
對照組患者治療前后NIHSS評分分別為(39.13±5.49)分,(15.26±4.07)分;觀察組患者治療前后NIHSS評分分別為(38.70±5.44)分,(11.71±2.54)分;觀察組患者治療后NIHSS評分顯著低于對照組、治療前(t=3.46,3.17,P=0.00,0.00, P<0.05),見表3。
3 討論
以往對于急性腦出血患者多采用小骨窗開顱術治療,該術式技術要求較低,操作簡便,創傷程度較傳統開顱術更小[2];但大量臨床報道顯示[3-4],患者行小骨窗開顱術治療難以徹底清除血腫,總體病情控制效果欠佳,且術中易發生腦組織牽拉。而微創血腫穿刺清除術則是一種改良微創神經外科手術,相較于傳統術式具有醫源性創傷程度更低、術中血腫清除效果佳及受出血位置影響小等優點[5-6];已有研究顯示[7],其能夠顯著提高固態血腫清除效果,在保護中樞神經組織功能方面和改善遠期預后方面效果確切。
該研究結果中,對照組患者手術用時、術中失血量及住院用時分別為(2.94±0.80)h,(135.26±29.35)mL,(23.20±3.55)d;觀察組患者手術用時、術中失血量及住院用時分別為(1.56±0.47)h,(54.87±6.15)mL,(11.76±1.61)d;觀察組患者圍手術期臨床指標水平顯著優于對照組(P<0.05),提示微創血腫穿刺清除術應用有助于降低急性腦出血患者手術用時,減輕手術創傷程度及縮短術后住院時間;而對照組患者治療后優、良、可及差例數分別為9例、14例、20例、7例,優良率分別為46.00%;觀察組患者治療后優、良、可及差例數分別為15例、19例、12例、4例,優良率分別為68.00%;觀察組患者近期療效顯著優于對照組(P<0.05);同時對照組患者治療前后NIHSS評分分別為(39.13±5.49)分,(15.26±4.07)分;觀察組患者治療前后NIHSS評分分別為(38.70±5.44)分,(11.71±2.54)分;觀察組患者治療后NIHSS評分顯著低于對照組、治療前(P<0.05),則證實急性腦出血患者行微創血腫穿刺清除術治療在減輕神經功能損傷和改善預后方面具有優勢,與以往報道結果相符[8]。
綜上所述,微創血腫穿刺清除術治療急性腦出血可有效減輕醫源性創傷,加快術后康復進程,且有助于保護神經功能,價值優于小骨窗開顱術。
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(收稿日期:2018-04-02)