紅色之旅 感知重慶獨(dú)特氣質(zhì)

□ 文/本刊記者 賀煜 圖/本刊記者 唐安冰

重慶歌樂山烈士陵園。

人們鐘愛重慶，不僅因?yàn)檫@里的山水“顏值”高，還因?yàn)檫@里地域文化“氣質(zhì)”好，深厚的紅色基因滋養(yǎng)著這座城市的靈魂。

重慶，有紅軍的足跡，有革命將領(lǐng)的故里，軍民魚水情深。

重慶，有眾多抗戰(zhàn)遺址，紅巖精神代代相傳。

在這火紅的十月，來重慶開啟一場“紅色之旅”吧！探訪紅色遺址，走進(jìn)革命老區(qū)。

探訪紅色遺址

重慶主城區(qū)紅色旅游資源豐富，景點(diǎn)主要分布在渝中區(qū)、沙坪壩區(qū)、南岸區(qū)等地。

渝中區(qū)是重慶母城，有許多革命遺存、傳承紅色火種的地方。這里有全國唯一一座紀(jì)念中華民族抗日戰(zhàn)爭勝利的國家紀(jì)念碑—人民解放紀(jì)念碑；有李子壩抗戰(zhàn)遺址公園、重慶大轟炸慘案遺址、宋慶齡舊居陳列館等；還有紅巖革命紀(jì)念館革命遺址群，包括重慶紅巖革命紀(jì)念館、紅巖村13號(hào)（八路軍駐渝辦事處舊址）、周公館、桂園、中共代表團(tuán)駐地舊址、《新華日?qǐng)?bào)》營業(yè)部舊址等多處革命遺址。

紅巖革命紀(jì)念館是抗日戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期中共中央南方局和八路軍駐重慶辦事處所在地。周恩來、董必武、葉劍英等老一輩革命家曾長期生活、戰(zhàn)斗于此，在這里建立的豐功偉績和所培育的紅巖精神，使這片紅色土地名揚(yáng)中外，成為著名的革命圣地和全國愛國主義教育基地；桂園是原國民黨上將張治中的公館，1945年10月10日，毛澤東與周恩來代表共產(chǎn)黨同國民黨代表在此談判并簽訂了《國共雙方代表會(huì)談紀(jì)要》（即“雙十協(xié)定”），桂園成為國共談判的重要見證地；周公館是周恩來工作的地方；《新華日?qǐng)?bào)》被毛澤東譽(yù)為“新華軍”的先鋒和尖兵。這些都是抗日戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期中共中央南方局的活動(dòng)基地，是共產(chǎn)黨在國民黨統(tǒng)治區(qū)鞏固和發(fā)展抗日民族統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民群眾進(jìn)行革命斗爭的中心。現(xiàn)已成為重慶具有代表性的紅色旅游地。

中山四路桂園。

① 周公館前周恩來塑像。

② 白公館內(nèi)游人如織。

沙坪壩區(qū)的紅色旅游景點(diǎn)代表當(dāng)數(shù)渣滓洞、白公館、歌樂山烈士陵園等，是來重慶必游的旅游景點(diǎn)。郁郁蔥蔥的歌樂山，曾被列為古巴渝十二景之一。但在20世紀(jì)40年代，因“渣滓洞”“白公館”兩座集中營而變成陰森恐怖之地……如今這里游客聚集，乘往來旅游巴士沿線游覽。

南岸區(qū)南山風(fēng)景區(qū)，有重慶抗戰(zhàn)遺址博物館，是重慶抗戰(zhàn)文化中具有代表性、保存最完整和相對(duì)集中的一處文物大遺址。內(nèi)有云岫樓（蔣介石官邸）、草亭（美國總統(tǒng)特使馬歇爾舊居）、松廳（宋美齡別墅）等13處文物。該遺址作為抗日戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期軍事、政治、外交的一個(gè)重要場所，是抗日戰(zhàn)爭和世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭一些重大歷史事件的重要見證，客觀記載著抗戰(zhàn)期間，重慶作為中國戰(zhàn)時(shí)首都的那段歷史。

尋訪紅色遺址，重慶是海內(nèi)外游客的不二選擇。

③ 位于南山的重慶抗戰(zhàn)遺址博物館。

④ 抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期，重慶是軍事、政治、外交的重要場所。

走進(jìn)革命老區(qū)

在區(qū)縣，重慶有“10+4”紅色故里。即潼南、開州、江津、黔江、巴南、永川、合川、長壽、綦江、大足等10個(gè)紅軍將領(lǐng)的故鄉(xiāng)，和彭水、酉陽、秀山、城口等4個(gè)紅軍長征經(jīng)過的區(qū)縣。如今，“10+4”紅色故里已結(jié)成“重慶市紅色旅游聯(lián)盟”，全面打造重慶紅色旅游“升級(jí)版”。

江津聶榮臻元帥陳列館、潼南楊尚昆故里、酉陽趙世炎故居、開州劉伯承元帥紀(jì)念館及故居……走進(jìn)這些紅軍將領(lǐng)的故居、紀(jì)念館，瞻仰革命圣地，緬懷革命先輩，了解紅色革命歷史。

沿著紅軍的步履，走進(jìn)彭水、酉陽、秀山、城口等區(qū)縣，見證那個(gè)戰(zhàn)爭年代的浴血奮戰(zhàn)、魚水情深。

彭水留有許多關(guān)于紅軍的傳奇事跡。現(xiàn)存主要紅軍歷史遺跡有黃家鎮(zhèn)的紅三軍駐地舊址、縣城的南渡沱紅軍渡口遺址和紅軍渡廣場等10余處，正逐步形成紅色旅游帶。

酉陽南腰界群山秀麗，清幽寂靜，是賀龍、任弼時(shí)、關(guān)向應(yīng)等老一輩無產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)創(chuàng)建的川黔湘鄂革命根據(jù)地，也是重慶市唯一的省級(jí)蘇維埃政權(quán)，留有紅軍生活和戰(zhàn)斗的足跡。景區(qū)完好地保存著紅三軍司令部舊址、紅軍會(huì)師紀(jì)念亭、南腰界區(qū)蘇維埃成立大會(huì)會(huì)址、大壩場戰(zhàn)斗遺址等革命遺址景點(diǎn)共5 6處。

川陜革命根據(jù)地城口蘇維埃政權(quán)紀(jì)念碑。

在美麗的邊城秀山，則有見證軍民魚水情的紅軍洞、紅軍橋，更有鐫刻黔東獨(dú)立師奮戰(zhàn)歷史的川河蓋戰(zhàn)斗遺址。此外，還有紅三軍司令部遺址、倒馬坎戰(zhàn)斗紀(jì)念碑等多處紅軍戰(zhàn)斗遺址，紅色旅游資源非常豐富。

城口是川陜革命根據(jù)地的重要組成部分，是重慶第一個(gè)打出紅軍旗幟的縣、第一個(gè)由地方紅軍攻占縣城的縣、第一個(gè)迎來中國工農(nóng)紅軍主力部隊(duì)的縣，唯一成建制建立了縣、區(qū)、鄉(xiāng)、村各級(jí)蘇維埃政權(quán)的革命老區(qū)，素有“紅色城口”的美稱。銹蝕的大刀、火藥筒，防滑鞋釘、刻著口號(hào)的手雷……在川陜蘇區(qū)城口革命根據(jù)地歷史陳列館的這些老物件，濃縮了歷史的斑駁記憶，講述著川東游擊隊(duì)、紅三十三軍的鐵血?dú)v程。站在蘇維埃政權(quán)紀(jì)念碑前，敬佩之情油然而生……

憶往昔，歲月錚錚，光輝熠熠。看今朝，赴“紅色之旅”，銘記歷史，開啟新征程！

圖片/開州區(qū)委宣傳部 城口縣委宣傳部提供

That people love Chongqing is not only because of the good-looking of the landscape, but also for the “pretty temperament” of the regional culture and the deep red gene nourishing the soul of the city.

There are the footsteps of the Red Army and the hometown of revolutionary generals in Chongqing, also the military and civilians are close as fish and water here.

Chongqing, there are many revolution sites, the spirit of Hongyan has been passed down from generation to generation.

Come on and embark on the tour of revolution sites in this fiery October to seek the revolutionary ruins and walk into the old revolutionary areas.

Seek the Revolution Ruins

Chongqing’s main districts are rich in red tourism resources,and the scenic spots are mainly distributed in Yuzhong District,Shapingba District and Nan’an District.

As the mother city of Chongqing, Yuzhong District possesses many places where revolutionary remains and red flames are passed down. In addition to the only national monument in the country to commemorate the victory of the Chinese nation in the War of Resistance against Japan - the Monument to People’s Liberation, there are the Liziba Historic Park of the War of Resistance Anti-Japan, the Chongqing Bombing Massacre Site, and the Former Residence Exhibition Hall of Soong Ching-ling, etc. Also, the revolutionary historic sites of the Hongyan Revolution Memorial Hall, including the Chongqing Hongyan Revolution Memorial Hall, Hongyan Village No. 13 (the former office of the Eighth Route Army in Chongqing),Zhougongguan, Guiyuan, the former Residence of the Chinese Communist Party delegation, and the former site of the Xinhua Daily, can be found here.

Chongqing Hongyan Revolution Memorial Hall was the seat of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the Chongqing Office of the Eighth Route Army during the War of Resistance against Japan. Zhou Enlai, Dong Biwu, Ye Jianying and other older revolutionists had lived and fought for a long time. Their great achievements and the cultivated Hongyan spirit here have made this red land famous both at home and abroad, becoming a famous revolutionary holy land and national patriotism education base; Guiyuan was the mansion of the former the Kuomintang (KMT) general Zhang Zhizhong. On October 10, 1945, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai on behalf of the Communist Party negotiated with representatives of the Kuomintang and signed the “Summary of Talks between the Representatives of the KMT and Those of the CPC” (the October 10th Agreement), thus,Guiyuan has became an important witness for the negotiation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party; Zhou Residence was the place where Zhou Enlai worked; Xinhua Daily was praised by Mao Zedong as the pioneer and the leader of the “Xinhua Army”. These are the activity bases of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee during the War of Resistance against Japan and the center for the Communist Party to consolidate and develop the anti-Japanese national united front and lead the people to carry on the revolutionary struggle in the national government areas. Now, they have become the most representative red tourism destinations in Chongqing.

Zhazidong Prison, Baigongguan Prison,Geleshan Martyrs Cemetery, etc. are the representatives among the red tourist attractions in Shapingba District and are the must-see tourist attractions in Chongqing. The lush Gele Mountain has been listed as one of the twelve scenic spots in old Chongqing. However, it became a horrific and scary place due to the two concentration camps of Zhazidong Prison, Baigongguan Prison in the 1940s... Nowadays, tourists gather here and take a tour along the sites by the tourist buses.

Chongqing Anti-Japanese War Remains Museum is in the Nanshan Scenic Area of Nan’an District and it is a representative, the most preserved and relatively concentrated cultural relic site in Chongqing’s Anti-Japanese War culture.There are 13 cultural relics including Yunxiaolou(the official residence of Chiang Kai-shek), Grass Pavilion (the former residence of American President’s special envoy Marshall), and Pine Hall(Soong May-ling’s Villa). As an important place for military, political, and diplomatic affairs during the War of Resistance against Japan, the site is an important testimony to some major historical events in the War of Resistance against Japan and the World Anti-Fascist War. It has objectively recorded the history of Chongqing as the wartime capital of China during the Anti-Japanese War.

It is the best choice for tourists from both home and abroad to visit the revolutionary sites in Chongqing.

Walking into the Old Revolutionary Base Area

In the districts and counties of Chongqing, there exist “10+4”revolutionary hometowns. They are the hometowns of 10 Red Army generals such as Tongnan, Kaizhou, Jiangjin, Qianjiang, Banan,Yongchuan, Hechuan, Changshou, Qijiang, and Dazu, and the counties where the Red Army’s Long March passed through, including Pengshui,Youyang, Xiushan and Chengkou. At present, the “10+4” revolutionary hometowns have entered the “Chongqing Red Tourism Alliance” to fully create the “upgraded version” of Chongqing red tourism.

Nie Rongzhen Marshal Exhibition Hall in Jiangjin District, Yang Shangkun’s former residence in Tongnan District, Zhao Shiyan’s former residence in Youyang, Kaizhou Liu Bocheng Marshal Memorial Hall and former residence in Kaizhou... Walking into the former residences and memorial halls of these generals of Red Army, we can commemorate the revolutionary predecessors and know about the history of the Red Revolution through our visits to these sacred places of the revolution.

Walk along the steps of the Red Army and enter Pengshui,Youyang, Xiushan, Chengkou and other districts and counties, you will witness the bloody battles and that the military and civilians were close as fish and water in the war years.

There are many legends about the Red Army in Pengshui. The existing main historical sites of the Red Army include the Red Army’s former residence site in Huangjia Town, the Red Army Ferry Crossing Site in Nandutuo and the Red Army Ferry Crossing Square in the county,which have formed a red tourist belt.

The mountains and hills of Nanyaojie are delicate and pretty, beautiful and quiet in Fuyang, which is the Sichuan-Guizhou-Hunan-Hubei Revolutionary Base created by the leaders of the older generation of proletarian revolutionists such as He Long, Ren Bishi and Guan Xiangying.It is also the only provincial-level Soviet Regime in Chongqing, with the life and battle footprints of the Red Army. Fifty-six revolution sites such as the site of the Red Army Command, the memorial hall of the Red Army Joining Forces, the site of the Founding Assembly of Soviet Union in Nanyaojie, and the battle site of Dabachang are well preserved in the scenic spot.

In the beautiful border town of Xiushan, there are Red Army Caves and Red Army Bridges that have witnessed the military and civilians being close as fish and water, and there is also a battle site of the Chuanhegai that engraves the history of the Eastern Guizhou Independent Division.In addition, there are many red army battle sites such as the Red Army Command and the Daomacan Battle Monument, etc. The red tourism resources are very rich here.

Chengkou is an important part of the Sichuan-Shanxi Revolutionary Base. It is the first county in Chongqing to raise the Red Army flag, the first county to be captured by the local Red Army, and the first county to greet the main force of the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army and the only one old revolution base area that established the Soviet Regime at the county, district, township and village level, which is famous as the “Red Chengkou”.Corroded knives, gunpowders, non-slip studs, grenades with slogans... these old objects in Chengkou historical museum of Sichuan-Shanxi Revolutionary Bases have enriched the history of mottled memories and told the bloody courses of the guerrillas of Eastern Sichuan and the 33th Army of the Red Army. Standing in front of the Soviet Regime monument,one’s admiration arises spontaneously...

When recalling the past, the years were bright and shining to the later generations. Looking at the present, the red tour of revolution will cause people to remember history and embark on a new journey!

Photos/ the Publicity Department of Kaizhou District Committee, the Publicity Department of Chengkou County Committee