民族藥過江藤的化學成分及藥理作用研究進展

楊勇勛 馬金華

【摘 要】 馬鞭草科過江藤屬在我國僅有1種，即植物過江藤Phyla nodiflora。在文獻中，Lippia nodiflora也指過江藤Phyla nodiflora植物，兩名互用。過江藤Phyla nodiflora不僅在我國多個民族中作為民族藥應用，且在多個國家作為傳統(tǒng)藥物應用于多種疾病的治療。從過江藤植物中分離的化合物達30余個，涉及的化學成分類型主要是環(huán)已烯酮與環(huán)已二烯酮衍生物、酚酸、三萜、甾醇、黃酮及黃酮硫酸鹽等。另外，藥理研究揭示本品的活性譜較寬，且大多與其傳統(tǒng)應用相關(guān)，如利尿、抗尿路結(jié)石、抗高尿酸血癥、肝保護、神經(jīng)藥理作用等。綜述過江藤的化學及藥理研究進展，為其進一步開發(fā)與利用打好基礎(chǔ)。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 馬鞭草科；過江藤；化學成分；藥理作用

【中圖分類號】R285 【文獻標志碼】 A 【文章編號】1007-8517（2018）01-0069-06

Abstract：Phyla nodiflora belonging to the family Verbenaceae is the solo species in the genus Phyla in China. Lippia is properly called Phyla， but is referred to as Lippia in the phytochemical literature， i.e. the synonym of Phyla nodiflora is Lippia nodiflora. Phyla nodiflora is not only used as an ethnomedicine in China， but also utilized as a traditional medicine in the world， for the treatment of several diseases. So far， more than 30 compounds including cyclohexenone and cyclohexadienone derivatives， phenolic acids， triterpenes， sterols， fiavonoids， and flavone sulphates were isolated from Phyla nodiflora. Moreover， the modern pharmacological studies of its crude extracts and purified molecules showed that its pharmacological spectra are broad， and quite a few activities were correlated with its traditional uses， such as diuretic activity， urolithiasis， hepatoprotective activity， and neuropharmacological activity. This review comprehensively summarized the pharmacological effects of Phyla nodiflora and its chemical constituents， establishing a solid foundation for the further development and utilization of the title plant.

Keywords：Verbenaceae；Phyla nodiflora；Chemical Constituents；Pharmacological Actions

馬鞭草科（Verbenaceae）過江藤屬（Phyla）植物全世界約有10種，分布于亞洲、非洲和美洲的熱帶及亞熱帶的濕潤之地，我國僅有1種，名為過江藤Phyla nodiflora，主產(chǎn)于長江以南的四川、云南、江蘇、江西、福建等地。一直以來，Lippia nodiflora也指過江藤Phyla nodiflora植物，兩名互用，但實際上Lippia屬與Phyla屬為不同的屬，兩屬植物有明顯的區(qū)別[1-2]。

過江藤Phyla nodiflora植物在四川又名大二郎箭，榔頭草（西昌）、溫宮草（會東）[3]，被我國多個民族作為民族藥應用，如《西昌中草藥》記載其性平，味微甘。止咳止血，調(diào)經(jīng)利尿，祛瘀生新[3]。《全國中草藥匯編》記載本品用于痢疾，急性扁桃體炎，咳嗽咯血，跌打損傷；外用治癰疽疔毒，慢性濕疹[4]。《中華本草（傣藥卷）》記載本品具有清熱解毒，散瘀消腫，斂瘡的功效。主治風濕熱痹癥，肢體關(guān)節(jié)紅腫熱痛，屈伸不利，疔瘡癰腫，外傷腫痛[5]。……