畜禽糞便高溫厭氧消化產氣特性比較研究

陳芬 余高 譚杰斌

摘 要：厭氧消化是處理有機廢棄物一種主流工藝。在實驗室自行設計有效容積為1L的厭氧反應裝置中，對雞糞、豬糞及牛糞進行高溫厭氧消化試驗，對3種畜禽糞便高溫厭氧消化過程含固率（TS），總有機碳（TOC），C/N，pH值的變化及其與甲烷產生量的關系進行了測定與分析。結果表明：消化物料TS和TOC含量及C/N隨消化時間呈下降趨勢，30d厭氧消化后，雞糞、豬糞和牛糞的TS含量分別下降了35.9%，23.2%和47.5%；TOC含量分別下降了42.7%、39.2%和61.5%；C/N分別下降了12.6、11.0、18.6。而pH隨消化時間呈先下降后上升并趨于穩定的變化趨勢。TS、TOC及C/N減少量均與甲烷累積產生量成正相關，牛糞產甲烷效果優于雞糞，豬糞最差。研究結果可為提高畜禽糞便厭氧消化產氣效率提供基礎參數。

關鍵詞：畜禽糞便；高溫厭氧消化；產甲烷量；TS；TOC；C/N；pH

中圖分類號 S216.4 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-7731（2018）13-0015-03

Abstract：Anaerobic digestion is a main technology for organic waste treatment.Thermophilic anaerobic digestion experiments of chicken manure，pig manure，and cattle manurewere carried out in anaerobic reaction device of 1 L working volume.The total solid（TS），total organic carbon（TOC），C/N，and pH value were measured in the process of thermophilic anaerobic digestion and their relationships with methane production were analyzed.The results showed that TS、TOC，and C/Nof the digestion materials were decreased gradually with digestion time.TS contents of chicken manure，pig manure，and cattle manure declined by 35.9%，23.2%，and 47.5%respectively，TOC contents decreased by 42.7%，39.2%，and 61.5% respectively，and C/N declined by 12.6，11.0，and 18.6 respectively after 30 d anaerobic digestion.But pH valueswere deceased first and then increased and later to a constant valuein different treatments as digestion time want on.The losses of TS，TOC，and C/N all positively correlated to thetotal methane production.The methane production of cattle manure was better than that of chicken manure，and the pig manure was the worst.The resultsof this studycan providebasic parameters support for increasinggas-producing efficiency of livestock and poultry manure in anaerobic digestion.

Key words：Livestock and poultry manure；Methane production；Thermophilicanaerobic digestion；TS；TOC；C/N；pH

厭氧消化處理有機廢棄物具有能耗小、剩余污泥少、可回收能源等優點，是有機固體廢物處理處置方向之一[1]。厭氧消化處理畜禽糞便不僅是一項清潔能源的生物質工程[2]，而且是減輕環境污染、發展生態農業的重要紐帶[3]。近20年來，我國的肉類、奶類和禽蛋產量以6%～10%的速度遞增，從而導致畜禽糞便量激增[4]。目前，中國年產生量超過20億t的糞便已成為農業面源污染的主要污染源[4]。但畜禽糞便經厭氧消化后，碳素大量轉化為CH4和CO2氣體而減少，氮、磷等元素更多地保留在沼液和沼渣中[5]，直接排放會引起環境的二次污染，而農田利用是消納沼液和沼渣的有效方式[6]。……