淺談英語說明文概要的寫作方法

毛春霞

重點詮釋

1. 說明文是以說明為主要表達方式，用簡潔明了的語言來解釋說明事物，闡明事理，從而給讀者提供知識的一種文體。

2. 在高考書面表達中，其主要命題形式為圖表式作文，有時也以圖畫式和提綱式作文來呈現寫作材料。

3. 它要求語言要簡明扼要，通俗易懂，說明過程講究層次性和條理性。

4. 這種文體通常用第三人稱，時態以一般現在時為主。

說明文主要類型

1. 描寫某事物的性質功用。

2. 針對某個問題提出解決方法或措施。

3. 介紹某現象及其原因和結果。

Passage 1： In the passage， the writer introduces the idea of a balloon robot to us， especially how it helps to guide people to their destination， from which we know it may become popular in the future.

參考模板

我們根據說明文的不同類型， 分別給出三種參考模板：

1. 描寫某事物的性質功用。即“對象 + 性質功用 + 利好”：

（In the passage） the writer introduces... （對象） to us， especially its... （性質或功用）， from which we know...（對象帶來的利好）.

2. 針對某個問題提出解決方法或措施。即“問題 + 解決方法”：

The passage tells us... （問題）， including... （方法1）， ...（方法2） and... （方法3）.

3. 介紹某現象及其原因和結果。即“現象 + 原因 + 結果”：

（The author / writer said / talks about）... （現象） of...， because / but... （原因/本質1）， and... （原因/本質2）.

特別提醒：在高考讀寫任務中， 多為說明某種社會現象的說明文，此類型說明文的模板如下：

a. 現象揭示類：

This article points out the common phenomenon—...（主題）， which... （補充解釋）.

b. 利弊對比類：

The article compares the disadvantages / benefits of A and B. A... while B...

The passage discusses the impact （影響） of sth. On the positive side...， but it may also...

c. 研究顯示類：

The study reveals （揭露） that...

The purpose of the report is to show that...

典型例題

閱讀下面短文， 然后以約30個詞概括這段短文的內容。

Eye care is an important factor in all of our lives. However， we often ignore it. With an image not being able to see one day， anyone must think that is terrible. Without good eyesight， we seem to be able to do nothing， not to mention watching TV or reading books. Therefore， eye protection is necessary. It gives us not only a clear vision but a better future.In daily lives， what can we do to take care of eyes？ Firstly， as far as diet is concerned， we should eat more carrots， fish and some food rich in vitamins （維生素） and minerals （礦物質）. Secondly， dont sit before a computer screen or TV for too long a time and take regular rest from time to time so as to relax eye muscles （肌肉）. It is helpful to look at green trees or fields. Thirdly， having enough sleep is the best rest for eyes.Besides， you should know how to keep eyes healthy. There are some dangers to eyes in our daily lives. You should keep them in mind. Bright sunlight is harmful to eyes. Therefore， when going out， especially in summer time when the sunlight is too strong， put on a pair of highquality sunglasses， which is able to play a good role in the eye care. Be away from smoke because smoke is bad for our eyes too. Take eye exercise every day to help relax eye muscles.Last but not least， take regular medical examinations to check out possible eye diseases and prevent eyes deterioration （退化）. Eyes are the most important organs （器官）， and we should use proper eye care products to avoid harm and make sure of good eyesight.

【解題過程】 本文在指出眼睛的重要性之后， 緊接著提出問題“為保護眼睛， 我們可以做些什么呢”，然后分三點說明應該做些什么。因此，我們可以套用“問題 + 解決方法”模式作答。參考答案：Our eyes are important for us， so the author tells us how to take care of our eyes， including eating healthy food， giving them enough time to rest， knowing some threats， and taking frequent eye examinations.

鞏固練習： 對號入座

練習1：閱讀下面短文，然后以約30個詞概括該文的主要內容。……