松陽的實踐對世界充滿借鑒意義

徐馨

在伊達斯建筑論壇位于柏林市中心的辦公室，克里斯汀、漢斯講述了他們和松陽的故事。

和伊達斯關注過的世界上其他地方的建筑實踐相比，松陽鄉村發展的獨特之處是什么？

最大區別是，它切實發生了。我們在歐洲和世界上其他地方討論被人們忽視的鄉村問題，我們開會、做展覽，但是中國在行動，在向前推進，不是在空談。我不知道建筑師徐甜甜和當地人這種非常好的互動，是如何建立起來的，重要的是他們找到彼此，彼此支持、彼此信任，共同推進。

徐甜甜是切實關心這個地區，為這個地區考慮。有一些鄉村建設是“大動作”，建工廠，松陽實踐不是這樣，松陽是“針灸式”的，在正確的地點、正確的時機，這樣做其實是更需要時間和付出。比如大木山茶坊，具體負責的當地女孩從學習茶道的年輕人成長為可以教茶道的老師。再比如在平田村的農耕館，從傳統農藝的展館到扎染坊、住宿、建筑、環境，所有這一切彼此適配，據我所知，這一點在國際上也是獨一無二的。

印象很深刻的是，村和村是彼此連接很好的社區。這個展覽上每一個具體的建筑項目，都不能和其他幾個分開，不是說“這一個”如何，而是如何通過當代建筑改善推進鄉村生活。建筑師非常用心地和當地政府、村民合作，也給我深刻的印象。他們彼此都非常清楚可以利用當代建筑設計，來創造一種新的鄉村身份認同，給當地人一種價值感，建立起新的鄉村自信。除此之外，這些建筑還是非常有根基的基礎設施，這些設施不僅把村和村、村和縣連接，而且在村子內部也是如此，兩個向度，一個是向內把人連接在一起，一個是向外的連接。

高速鐵路、飛機、高速公路改變鄉村，互聯網的發展也推動鄉村發展。我們去平田村，看到年輕人利用互聯網把村子和這個世界，至少和中國其他地區連接在一起。對此我們并不驚訝，我們驚訝的是本來希望德國農村也能這樣，但是德國沒有做到。德國、甚至整個歐洲都有這個問題，我們忘記了不在城市生活的人。而要想在鄉村生活甚至創造新經濟，不能沒有和城市的聯接。松陽，在這方面是一個非常好的例子，我們都可以從中學到很多。

為什么舉辦這一展覽？

我們需要這種對話，“對話”是伊達斯一直以來的宗旨之一。鄉村問題是全世界都在面臨的問題。歐洲人有時是有一點傲慢的，他們知道正在發生什么，但是假裝沒看見。我們很重要的目標是要讓他們了解世界上其他地方在做些什么，他們可以從中學習到很多。“松陽故事”接下來還將會在今年的威尼斯雙年展及瑞士、奧地利等國展出，國際著名建筑師、學者也將到松陽參加國際論壇，大家將一起討論、學習“松陽故事”這個精準的、了不起的實踐，這個實踐對整個世界都充滿啟發和借鑒意義。沒有真正的現實的榜樣，只有理論，討論很難真正深入。尤其在威尼斯雙年展上，很多人都在，我相信會有更多機構續展，那將是“松陽行動”！

為什么給展覽取名“松陽故事”？

這是我們這個很棒的團隊共同想出的名字。當你要探討一個話題的時候，以講述故事的方式進行，有個人化的講述和感受，才能打動人。這是一個故事，不是一個項目。而且故事有延展性，不會終結。我們想要講好這個故事，而且是在世界范圍內講述。

是的，“松陽故事”將在更廣闊的天地與不同文化背景的人見面、交流。“從事論壇工作38年，我從未見過如此令人激動、如此面向未來的實踐。”克里斯汀語氣篤定，讓人感受到她對松陽鄉村振興實踐的熱忱。

在中國廣袤的土地上，和松陽一樣腳踩大地，摸索著從泥土里生長出來的實踐之路還有很多——那都是未完待續的中國故事，是一個個普通中國人用雙手在大地上寫下的樸素的精彩篇章——此時此刻，正等待我們去發現，去閱讀，去傳播。

In the office of Aedes Architecture Forum in downtown Berlin， Ms. Kristin Feireiss and Mr. Hans-Jürgen Commerell talked with me about their appreciation of the Songyang Story. Hereinafter is a summary of the interview.

Xu Xin： What is so special about Songyang in comparison with other places in the world that Aedes has concerned itself with？

Kristin Feireiss： The biggest difference is that Songyang has happened. In Europe and other parts of the world， we have held conferences and exhibitions when we presented the overlooked rural issues. But China has taken action and has been pushing it forward. China does. There is no empty talk. I am not sure how architect Xu Tiantian set up such excellent interaction with local people， but what matters is that they have found each other， trusted and supported each other， and made progress. Xu Tiantian concerns herself with the region and puts her heart in the interest of the region. Some rural regions engage in big moves such as building a factory. Songyang does not do that. What Songyang does is something like architectural acupuncture： at the right time and the right opportunity. Such accurate solutions take much more time and dedication. As far as I know， the Songyang practice is unique， if examined in an international perspective.

Hans-Jürgen Commerell： I was deeply impressed that the villages in Songyang are well-connected communities. Individual cases at the exhibition are well connected. You cant separate one from the rest. A discussion of a case will naturally leads to a discussion about how modern architecture improves rural life. I was also deeply impressed with the architect who cooperated whole-heartedly with the local government and village residents. Together they knew the modern architectural design could create a new rural identification， render a value system， and establish a new confidence in the rural region. This is the primary factor that people stay in the village and the factor that attracts people to come back. Meanwhile， these buildings can boost the development of micro-economy. Moreover， these buildings are also fundamental infrastructure， which serves as a connection between villages and between villages and the county. Two dimensions： they connect people in rural communities and they connect to the outside world.

High-speed railways， airplanes and express highways change countryside and internet also drives rural growth. While we were in Pingtian Village， we saw young people connected the village with the world， at least with other regions of China. We were not surprised to see these things in China. We were surprised that Germany hasnt done the same. We hoped rural Germany could have done this. Germany and Europe have this problem. We forget those who are not living in cities. Living and creating a new economy in countryside needs connections with cities. Songyang is a very good model， from which we can learn a lot.

Xu Xin： Why hold this exhibition？

Kristin Feireiss： we need such a dialogue. Dialogue is one of the principles of Aedes since its inception. Rural issues are universal all over the world. Let me put it this way： Europeans are sometimes a little bit arrogant. They know whats happening but pretend they dont see it. It is our key task to allow Europeans to know what people are doing in other parts of the world so that Europeans can learn. “Songyang Story” is scheduled to continue at the national architecture museum in Switzerland， the national architecture museum in Austria. Xu Tiantian will be attending the Venice Biennale this year. People will discuss and study “Songyang Story”. It is an accurate and great practice and is enlightening and significant to the world. Theory contributes little to discussions. Examples in real life do. Many people will attend Venice Biennale and I believe Songyang Story will have more opportunities to be exhibited. That will be Songyang Action！

Xu Xin： Why did you name the exhibition Songyang Story？

Kristin Feireiss： we have a great team and this team chose the name. When you need to explore a topic， the best way to go is to tell a story. Only a human story can touch people. Songyang is a story. It is not a project. Moreover， a story goes on and does not come to an end. We wanted to tell this story well and tell it in the context of the world.

Yes， Songyang Story will meet people with different cultural backgrounds in a broader world and exchanges will take place. The first stop was Berlin. Then it will go to the Venice Biennale， the national architecture museum in Basel， Switzerland， and the national architecture museum in Vienna， Austria. Prominent international architects and scholars will also attend an international forum in Songyang. I have been at Aedes for 38 years， but I have never seen such an exciting and future-oriented practice！