毛木耳958對(duì)4種抗生素的敏感性研究

杜春梅 柏廣波 董錫文

摘要 [目的]檢測(cè)毛木耳958對(duì)青霉素、硫酸鏈霉素、制霉菌素和卡那霉素 4 種抗生素的敏感性，以尋找適合原生質(zhì)體融合育種的抗性篩選標(biāo)記。[方法]以毛木耳958為試驗(yàn)材料，在PDA培養(yǎng)基中加入不同濃度的抗生素，測(cè)定菌絲生長(zhǎng)速率、菌落形態(tài)特征和鎖狀聯(lián)合菌絲數(shù)量。[結(jié)果]適宜濃度的青霉素和硫酸鏈霉素對(duì)毛木耳958菌絲生長(zhǎng)都有顯著的促進(jìn)作用，而制霉菌素和高濃度的卡那霉素對(duì)菌絲生長(zhǎng)有明顯的抑制作用；4 種抗生素對(duì)毛木耳958菌落形態(tài)特征影響較小；青霉素、制霉菌素和卡那霉素高于 300 μg/mL 時(shí)，毛木耳958鎖狀聯(lián)合菌絲比率呈明顯的下降趨勢(shì)，硫酸鏈霉素對(duì)其無顯著作用。[結(jié)論]毛木耳958對(duì)制霉菌素和高濃度的卡那霉素具有較強(qiáng)的敏感性，做篩選標(biāo)記時(shí)控制好抗生素的濃度，盡量減少其對(duì)鎖狀聯(lián)合菌絲比率的影響。

關(guān)鍵詞 毛木耳958；抗生素；敏感性；菌絲；鎖狀聯(lián)合

中圖分類號(hào) S646.6 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 0517-6611（2018）23-0033-02

Abstract [Objective] To study the sensitivity of Auricularia polytricha 958 to penicillin，streptomycin sulfate，nystatin and kanamycin，as well as to find the resistance screening markers suitable for protoplast fusion breeding.[Method] Taking Auricularia polytricha 958 as the material，growth rate of mycelia，morphological features of colony and clamp connection amount of mycelia were determined by adding different concentrations of four kinds of antibiotics in PDA media.[Result] Growth rate of mycelia were promoted significantly by a proper concentration of ampicillin and streptomycin sulfate.But growth rate of mycelia were inhibited significantly by nystatin and the higher concentration of kanamycin.The effects of four antibiotics on the colonial morphological characteristics of the stain were not significantly.The ratios of hyphal clamp connection of Auricularia polytricha 958 were decreased when the concentration of penicillin，nystatin and kanamycin were higher than 300 μg/mL.The effect of streptomycin sulphate on forming of clamp connection was not significant.[Conclusion] The sensitivities of Auricularia polytricha 958 to nystatin and the higher concentration of kanamycin were obvious.Thus，the concentration of antibiotics should be controlled when it was used to screening marker，and minimize the effect of the antibiotic on ratio of hyphal clamp connection.

Key words Auricularia polytricha 958；Antibiotics；Sensitivity；Mycelia；Clamp connection

毛木耳屬于木耳目，木耳科，木耳屬中的毛木耳種（Auricularia polytricha）[1]，是世界性的重要栽培品種之一，主要生長(zhǎng)在中國的南方和一些東南亞國家[2-3]。毛木耳含有豐富的鎂元素，其抗逆性強(qiáng)、產(chǎn)量高、價(jià)格低廉，但品性差、質(zhì)地硬而脆[4-5]。對(duì)毛木耳和嫩滑、味好、鐵元素含量較高、商品性好的黑木耳進(jìn)行原生質(zhì)體融合，有可能篩選出具有雙親優(yōu)良性狀的木耳新種。但利用哪種篩選標(biāo)記來篩選融合子是育種工作者面臨的瓶頸。抗藥性標(biāo)記是篩選融合子的較好手段，微生物抗藥性由菌種遺傳物質(zhì)決定，遺傳上十分穩(wěn)定[6]。……