如何學習名詞性從句

黃新春 江瓊

【摘 ? 要】 英語語法學習中，名詞性從句的地位十分重要。雖然包含4大從句，但講清賓語從句一種即可講好其他從句，可從模塊上講解。

【關鍵詞】 語法學習;名詞性從句;賓語從句;模塊

How to learn noun clauses

Huang Xinchun ? Jiang Qiong

[Abstract] The position of noun clauses is very important in English grammar learning. Although it contains 4 clauses， one of the object clauses can be used to explain the other clauses.

[Keywords] grammar learning noun clause object clause module

名詞性從句包含賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句以及同位語從句，四大從句本質上是一個完整的句子處在不同位置而給予不同稱呼而已，如果句子處在介詞或及物動詞后稱為賓語從句，處在系動詞后稱為表語從句，處在系動詞或及物動詞之前稱為主語從句，處在名詞后稱為同位語從句。

例如 ?： ?I know that she is 106 ?.

that she is 106 ?為賓語從句，The fact is that she is 106. ? that she is 106 為表語從句。

That she is 106 is true.

that she is 106 ? 為主語從句， I know the fact that she is 106. ?that she is 106 ?為語同位從句。

1 ?賓語從句

1.1 ?賓語從句的定義： 一個句子作賓語

I love you . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? （單詞作賓語 ）

I want to go to school。 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?（詞組作賓語 ）

I know that she is a teacher。 ? ? ? ? ?（句子作賓語）

1.2 ?that引導

（1）that 不作句子成分;（2） 可省 ; （3）含義確定（肯定或否定）。

例句： ? we all know that she comes from China..

1.3 ?whether/if 引導

（1） ?含義不確定（是否）;（2）不作句子成分 ;（3）不可省。

例句： I didnt know whether Tom liked the place. ? ? ? ? ?I wonder if its large enough. 不知道是否夠大。 ?1.4 ?連接代詞引導

what， whatever， who， whoever， whom， whose， which ： （1）在從句中作主語、賓語、表語 ;（2） 有具體含義 ;（3）缺什么補什么。

例句：I dont know who [whom] you mean. ? 我不知道你指誰。

IIl do whatever I can do. 我將做我所能做的事。

1.5 ?連接副詞引導

when， where， how， why（1） 在從句中作狀語; ? ? ?（2）有具體含義;（3）缺什么補什么。

Tom asked why he had to go alone.

She asked how I was getting on. 他問我情況怎樣。

I know where they live. 知道他們住哪里。

2 ?表語從句用法

引導表語從句的詞有連詞that， whether，連接代詞和連接副詞，關系代詞型what，以及as if， as though， because等連詞。

2.1 ?由that引導（ that 一般不省）

The problem is that they have lost his addres。

2.2 ?由whether引導

The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 問題是這部電影是否值得看。

【注意】whether 可引導表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導表語從句。

2.3 ?由連接代詞引導

What she wants to know is which road she should take.

2.4 ?由連接副詞引導

The problem is how we can find her.

Thats where we first met her.。

Thats why she didnt come. 。

2.5 ?由關系代詞型what引導

Thats what I want to say。

3 ?主語從句用法

連詞that和whether、連接代詞或連接副詞。

3.1 ? that引導（that不可省略，全句可翻譯成兩句話）

That they will be late is certain.

3.2 ?whether引導

Whether they would support us was a problem 。

3.3 ?連接代詞引導

What makes us is that our class win the match.

3.4 ?連接副詞引導

When they arrive doesnt matter.。

How he earn so much money ?was a mystery。

3.5 ?主語從句與形式主語it

有時為了考慮句子平衡，通常使用形式主語it，而將真正的主語從句移至句末。

Its a pity that you did not see the match.

Its unfair that so many people should lose their jobs.

4 ?同位語從句用法

同位語從句：指一個抽象的名詞后接一個句子進行具體的解釋，兩者可解釋為A是B的關系，抽象名詞不作后面句子的任何成分。通常有連詞that，whether，連接代詞和連接副詞等。。

4.1 ?由that引導

We heard the news that they went home already.。

4.2 ?由whether引導

The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 。

【注意】whether 可引導同位語從句，但if不能引導同位語從句。

4.3 ?由連接代詞引導

Have you any idea what time the film starts？

4.4 ?由連接副詞引導

I have no idea when we will come back. 。

We had no idea why she left. Y

5 ?名詞性從句總結

5.1 ?that引導名詞性從句

（1） That our class had won the match made us excited.

（2）The teacherer said that our class ?had won the match.

（3）The fact was that our class had won the match.

（4）The teacher announced the news that our class had won the match.

5.2 ?特殊疑問詞引導的名詞性從句

（1） Who will attend the match has not been known.

（2） No one knows who will attend the match.

（3） My question is who will attend the match.? （4） The question who will attend the match remains to be seen.

5.3 ?whether引導的各種名詞性從句

（1）Whether they ?will agree with us doesnt matter too much.

（2）she wonder whether I will agree with her.

（3）What I want to know is whether you will agree with me.

（4）They have no idea whether we will agree with them.

參考文獻：

[1] 侯燕菊.英語語法教學改革[J].東北亞論壇，2016，（7）.

[2] 郭曉寧.英語教學模式改革的必要性[J].東北亞論壇，2015，（7）.

[3] 張健.英語教學：語法課的互動與實踐[J].天津財貿管理干部學院學報，2017，（3）.