二維碼建筑—印度昌迪加爾知識博物館設計方案

朱文一

2015年，印度Archasm舉辦了“未建成的昌迪加爾：知識博物館設計競賽”，以紀念建筑大師勒·柯布西耶逝世50周年。大師在印度留下了堪稱經典的一座城和一組建筑。這就是著名的昌迪加爾城及其行政建筑群。其中，位于行政建筑群東北部的省長官邸就是競賽標題提到的未建成建筑。大師對這幢建筑傾注了大量心血。這是柯布西耶設計的整座昌迪加爾城東北端的建筑，其背景是延綿不斷的喜馬拉雅山脈。競賽主辦方以這幢未建成建筑為場地，功能設定為知識博物館公共建筑類型。

朱文一工作室提交的“二維碼建筑”（QR Code Architecture）方案探索了數字時代新建筑類型的可能性，方案有以下特點。

第一是關于大師遺產。方案尊重建筑大師勒·柯布西耶針對行政辦公區的總體設計，延續其空間肌理，在原址布置知識博物館的主體建筑（圖1）。此外，通過對整個行政辦公區規劃的分析和研究，方案在主體建筑底層和前面布置大面積水池，增加整個行政辦公區的水景，同時創造視線貫通的寬闊視野，將主入口設置在東南面，與勒·柯布西耶著名的“手”雕塑廣場連接，整合為對市民和游客開放的公共空間片區（圖2）。

第二是關于知識博物館的功能。它不僅是收藏知識的地方，還是一個探索未來的地方。在建筑物二層，設計了宗教、科學、文學、歷史、社會、技術、藝術和建筑8個靈活的、多功能的、友好的知識單元（圖3）。每一個單元本身就是一個知識的容器，供城市居民和游客體驗。單元之間是半室外的、相互交融的公共交流空間，人們在這里可以體驗不同知識碰撞出的靈感火花。建筑表皮則由若干讀書小方體構成。這是為一個人或幾個人讀書研討而專門設計的安靜空間（圖4—圖6）。

第三是關于建筑創新。勒·柯布西耶是現代建筑大師，他大膽而富有激情的創新所開創的建筑新時代影響至今。如何通過建筑設計紀念這位偉大的建筑大師？方案“二維碼建筑”以二維碼為介質來設計建筑，創造性地實現了現實和虛擬建筑的連接和互動。建筑表皮的讀書小方體是現實的讀書空間。其中，建筑屋頂的小方體組成的二維碼圖案代表昌迪加爾知識博物館（Chandigarh Museum of Knowledge），也可以設置為其網站的網址。

圖1 / Figure 1勒·柯布西耶的首都行政區建筑群中的設計場地The Site in the Capitol Complex Designed by Le Corbusier

第四是關于萬能視角。在數字時代，人們已經習慣于在衛星地圖上查找建筑。這種萬能視角優先的體驗建筑方式，將建筑物的屋頂或第五立面提升到建筑主立面的地位。在衛星地圖上，方案“二維碼建筑”屋頂的二維碼圖案提供了虛擬和現實連接的可能性。只需用手機上的二維碼讀碼APP掃描建筑屋頂，即可獲得建筑的虛擬信息（圖7）。

近100年前，勒·柯布西耶倡導“走向新建筑”。今天，何謂數字時代的新建筑？這是當代建筑師面臨的挑戰。方案“二維碼建筑”在這方面探索了一種可能性。

圖片來源

Figure Sources

文中圖片均為朱文一工作室提供

All figures are provided by ZHU Wenyi Atelier

FULL TEXTS TRANSLATED FROM CHINESE

In 2015, Archasm of India hosted the “Chandigarh Unbuilt: Knowledge Museum Design Competition” to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the death of great architect Le Corbusier. The master created a classic city and architecture, Chandigarh City and it's the Capitol complex. Among them, the governor‘s house is the unbuilt building mentioned in the title of the competition. The program takes this unbuilt building area as the site and functions as the public building of the Knowledge Museum.

The “QR Code Architecture” proposal submitted by ZHU Wenyi Atelier explores a new typology of architecture in the digital age.

First, Respecting the existing Capitol complex and continuing its fabric, the main building of the Knowledge Museum is arranged at the original site (Figure 1). In addition, the large-scale pool is arranged on the ground floor and front of the main building to increase the waterscape of the entire Capitol complex. The main entrance is located in the southeast and is connected to Le Corbusier‘s famous “Open Hand” sculpture square, which is integrated into a public space area (Figure 2).

Second, It is not only a place to collect knowledge,but also a place to explore the future. On the second floor of the building, eight flexible, versatile and friendly knowledge units (Figure 3). The in-between units is semi-outdoor space where you can experience the spark of inspiration from different knowledge. The building skin is made up of many reading cubes (Figure 4—6).

Third, The scheme shows a smart way to make the real building connecting the virtual one through QR code as the medium. The QR code pattern consisting of the reading cube on the building roof represents the Chandigarh Museum of Knowledge,and of course it can be set as the website address.

Fourth, On the satellite map, the QR code pattern provides the possibility of virtual and realistic connections. It would be very easily to get the virtual information of the building through scanning the building roof with the QR code reading app on your smart phone (Figure 7).

Nearly 100 years ago, Le Corbusier advocated“Towards a New Architecture”. Today, what is the new architecture in the digital age? This is a challenge for contemporary architects. The scheme “QR Code Architecture” explores a possibility in this regard.

圖2 / Figure 2二維碼建筑與自由手雕塑QR Code Architecture and Open Hand Sculpture

圖3 / Figure 3二維碼建筑各層平面圖Plans of QR Code Architecture

圖4 / Figure 4二維碼建筑立面Facade of QR Code Architecture

圖5 / Figure 5二維碼建筑入口立面Entrance Facade of QR Code Architecture

圖6 / Figure 6二維碼建筑剖面圖Section of QR Code Architecture

圖7 / Figure 7二維碼建筑總圖Master Plan of QR Code Architecture